κἄν G2579
even if, even though (concessive conjunction); at least (scalar/minimal particle)
1. even if, even though (concessive conjunction) — The crasis conjunction κἄν (= καὶ ἐάν / καὶ ἄν) used as a concessive or intensifying particle meaning 'even if, even though, although'. Appears in conditional clauses expressing concession (Mark 16:18; John 8:14, 10:38, 11:25; 2 Cor 11:6; Heb 12:20; Jas 5:15) where the outcome holds regardless of the condition. Translations: eng 'even if/even', spa 'y si/aunque sea', hin यदि/और यदि, arb وَإِنْ/وَلَوْ, kor 비록/설령, swa 'hata kama/na kama'. 15×
AR["حَتَّى-إِنْ","عَلى-الأَقَلِّ","وَ-إِنْ","وَإن","وَإِنْ","وَلَوْ"]·ben["অন্তত","এবং-যদি","এমনকি-যদি","যদিও","শুধু"]·DE["auch-wenn","wenn-auch"]·EN["Even-if","Even-if-","and-if","and-if-","even","even-if","never"]·FR["même-si"]·heb["אֲפִלּוּ","אַף-אִם","גַּם","גַּם-אִם","וְ-אִם","וְאִם","לְפָחוֹת","רַק"]·HI["और-यदि","कम-से-कम","कि","के","चाहे","यदि"]·ID["Bahkan-jika","Sekalipun","bahkan-hanya","bahkan-jika","dan-jika","jika-mungkin","sekalipun","setidaknya"]·IT["anche-se"]·jav["Sanadyan","lan-manawi","namung","paling-mboten","sanadyan","sanajan","senajan"]·KO["그리고-비록","만약","만약에","만약이라도","만일","비록","설령","심지어","적어도"]·PT["Ainda-que","Mesmo-que","Mesmo-se","ainda-que","ainda-que-seja","ao-menos","e-se"]·RU["Даже-если","И-если","даже-если","если-и","и-если","хотя-бы"]·ES["Aunque","Y-si","al-menos","aun-si","aunque","aunque-sea","y-si"]·SW["Hata-kama","Hata-kama-","angalau","hata","hata-","hata-kama","huu","kama","na-hata-kama","na-kama"]·TR["Eğer-de","Gerekse-bile","Hatta-eğer","en-azından-","eğer","hatta","hatta-eğer","hiç-olmazsa","olsa-bile","sadece","ve-eğer"]·urd["اور-اگر","اگر","اگرچہ","بس","صرف","چاہے","کم-از-کم"]
Matt 21:21, Matt 26:35, Mark 5:28, Mark 6:56, Mark 16:18, Luke 12:38, Luke 12:38, Luke 13:9, John 8:14, John 8:55, John 10:38, John 11:25 (+3 more)
▼ 1 more sense below
Senses
2. at least (scalar/minimal particle) — The particle κἄν used with scalar or minimizing force meaning 'at least, at the very least', expressing the bare minimum of an expectation or wish (Acts 5:15 — that at least Peter's shadow might fall on some). Distinguished from the concessive sense by the absence of a conditional protasis and the focus on minimal sufficiency rather than concession. Translations: eng 'at least', spa 'al menos', arb وَلَوْ, kor 그, swa 'hata'. This usage is attested in Koine papyri and post-classical Greek as a distinct pragmatic function. 1×
AR["وَلَوْ"]·ben["অন্তত"]·DE["auch-wenn"]·EN["at-least"]·FR["même-si-"]·heb["אַף-אִם"]·ID["setidaknya"]·IT["anche-se-"]·jav["saénipun"]·KO["그-"]·RU["хотя-бы"]·ES["al-menos"]·SW["hata"]·TR["hiç-olmazsa"]·urd["کم-از-کم"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
κἄν (not κᾄν), by crasis, __I for καὶ ἄν.., variant in Refs 8th c.BC+ is simply copulative, Refs 5th c.BC+; but frequently when καί is intensive, ὅ γε κ. μέγα δοίη even a great thing, Refs 8th c.BC+; sometimes repeated after or before a Verb with ἄν, ἐπεὶ κ. σὺ.., εἴ τίς σε διδάξειεν.., βελτίων ἂν γένοιο Refs 5th c.BC+; frequently in the phrase κ. εἰ, where καί properly belongs to εἰ, even if,…