Without and Apart From

II. אַ֫יִן, אָ֑֫יִן cstr. אֵין subst. proposes nothing, nought (Moab. אן, As. iûnu). 1. †Is 40:23 הַנּוֹתֵן רוֹזְנִים לְאָ֑יִן who bringeth princes to nothing; †כְּאַיִן as nothing, ib. 40:17; 41:11, 12 Hg 2:3 ψ 39:6; almost (‖ כִּמְעַט) ψ 73:2; †מֵאַיִן of nothing Is 41:24. 2. cstr. אֵין, very freq. as particle of negation, is not, are not, was not, were not, etc. (corresp. to the affirm. יֵשׁ q.v. Similar in usage, though not etym. akin, are لَيْسَ, לַיִת, ܠܰܝܬ, አልቦ), proposes ‘there is nought of …’ sq. a subst. or a pron. suffix (אֵינֶנִּי [verbal form, Ges§ 100, 5; 152, 1 c], אֵינְךָ, אֵינֵךְ, אֵינֶנּוּ, אֵינֶנָּה, אֵינְכֶם, אֵינָם, also ψ 59:14 אֵינֵ֫מוֹ, 73:5 אֵינֵ֫ימוֹ): twice abnormally, in late Heb., a nom. אֵין אֲנִי, אֵין אֲנַחְנוּ Ne 4:17 (so sts. לַיִת, ܠܰܝܬ, NöM. p. 295); once, incorrectly, את Hg 2:17 (?). a. denying existence absolutely Is 44:6; 47:10 אֵין רֹאָנִי there is none that seeth me, lit. nought of one seeing me! אֵין עוֹד there is none else Dt 4:39 1 K 8:60 Is 45:5, 6, 18, 22. b. more commonly, in a limited sense, there is none here or at hand Ex 2:12 and he saw כִּי־אֵין אִישׁ that there was no man (sc. there), Nu 21:5; Gn 5:24 וְאֵינֶנּוּ and he was not (of Enoch’s disappearance from earth) 42:13 one (cas.pend. as oft.), he is not, v 36; oft. = is (or has) vanished Gn 37:30 1 K 20:40 Is 17:14 ψ 37:10; 39:14; 103:16 Jb 8:22; 24:24; 27:19. c. with the sense determined by a predic. following: Gn 37:29 Joseph was not in the pit, 41:39 + often; Ex 5:10 אֵינֶנִּי נֹתֵן לָכֶם תֶּבֶן I am not giving you straw; and so often with particip. where duration has to be expressed Gn 39:23 Dt 21:18 Is 1:15 Je 7:16, or intention Gn 20:7 אִם א��ינְךָ מֵשִׁיב דַּע … if thou art not restoring her, know, 43:5 Ex 8:17; 33:15 (idiomatically, after אם; v. Dr§ 137) Ju 12:3. Foll. once pleon. by יֵשׁ ψ 135:17. Treated as a mere part. of negation, אֵין may vary its position in the sentence, the subst. which should strictly stand in the genitive being not only separated from it by a little word, as בּוֹ Gn 37:24, לוֹ Ex 22:1, שָׁם Ex 12:30, גַּם ψ 14:3, etc., but even for emphasis prefixed to it, as Gn 19:31; 40:8 וּפֹתֵר אֵין אֹתוֹ 41:15 Ex 5:16 Ju 13:9; 14:6; 16:15; 19:1 (so MI 24): if however it be thus brought to the end of a sentence, or be disconnected with what follows, it stands in the absol. form, as Gn 2:5 ואדם אַיִן לעבד האדמה and man there was none to till the ground, Lv 26:37 וְרֹדֵף אָ֑יִן, Nu 20:5 2 K 19:3 Ho 13:4 Mi 7:2. d. sometimes the subj. has to be supplied from the context: thus (α) †1 S 9:4 and they passed through the land of Shaalim וָאַיִן and they (the asses) were not (lit. and nought!), especially after vbs. of waiting or seeking Is 59:11 ψ 69:21 Jb 3:9; Is 41:17 Ez 7:25 Pr 14:6; 13:4; 20:4. (β) †Ex 17:7 is י׳ in the midst of us אִם־אָֽיִן׃ or not? Nu 13:20. (γ) †Ju 4:20 וְאָמַרְתְּ אָֽיִן׃ then thou shalt say, There is not, 1 K 18:10 1 S 10:14. (δ) Gn 30:1 give me children, וְאִם־אַיִן and if not, I die, Ex 32:32 Ju 9:15, 20 2 S 17:6 (v. Dr) 2 K 2:10 Jb 33:33. e. with subj. not expressed, once (late), Dn 8:5 וְאֵין נוֹגֵעַ בָּאָרֶץ and (it) was not touching the earth. f. Ec 8:11, Jb 35:15 with the finite vb.; but rd. here כִּי אֵין פֹּקֵד (the usage of لَيْسَ, cited by De, does not justify the anomaly in Heb.) Je 38:5 the impf. may be due to the fact that no ptcp. of יָכֹל was in use, and a relat. must be tacitly supplied: ‘The king is not (one that) can do aught against you.’ On Ex 3:2 see Ges§ 52, 2 R. 6; Ew§ 169 d. 3. אֵין לְ׳, with subst., or pron., there is (was) not to … = … have, has, had, etc. not: Gn 11:30 אֵין לָהּ וָלָד she had no child, Nu 27:9 וְאִם־אֵין לוֹ בַּת and if he have no daughter + oft.; with a ptcp. Dt 22:27 Je 14:16; 30:17; 49:5; 50:32 ψ 142:5 La 1:2, 9, 17; Ex 22:2 אִם־אֵין לוֹ if he have nought, Dn 9:26 ואין לו and have nought (or none). 4. in circumst. clauses (Dr§ 164):—(a) Ex 21:11 she shall go out free אֵין כָּ֑סֶף without money, 22:9 אֵין רֹאֶה none seeing it, Nu 11:6 Is 47:1 Je 2:32 Ho 3:4; 7:11 ψ 32:9; 88:5 +. (b) Dt 32:4 a God of faithfulness וְאֵין עָוֶל and no iniquity, i.e. without iniquity, Je 5:21 Jo 1:6 ψ 104:25. (c) very oft., in such phrases as וְאֵין מַחֲרִיד with none to affright Lv 26:6 (12 textual); וְאֵין מְכַבֶּה Is 1:31 al.; וְאֵין מַצִּיל 5:29 ψ 7:3, etc. (Dr§ 159). 5. with inf. and ל׳, it is not to …: i.e. (α) like οὐκ ἔστιν, it is not possible to … (cf. sub יֵשׁ and לֹא), but hardly exc. in late Heb.; 2 Ch 20:6 וְאֵין עִמְּךָ לְהִתְיַצֵּב it is not possible to stand (in conflict) with thee, 22:9 Ezr 9:15 Ec 3:14 Est 4:2. Once without ל, ψ 40:6 אֵין עֲרֹךְ אֵלֶיךָ οὐκ ἔστι παραβάλλειν σοι. (β) there is no need to … 1 Ch 23:26 וְגַם לַלְוִיִּם אֵין־לָשֵׂאת for the Levites also there was no need to bear 2 Ch 5:11; 35:15 (v. Dr§ 202. 1). 6. with prefixes:— a. †בְּאֵין prop. in defect of:—(α) for want of, without—Pr 5:23 he will die בְּאֵין מוּסָר for lack of instruction, 11:14 בְּאֵין תַּחְבֻּלוֹת without guidance, 14:4; 15:22; 26:20; 29:18 Is 57:1 Ez 38:11; cf. בְּלֹא. (β) of time = when there was (were) not Pr 8:24(×2). b. †כְּאֵין Is 59:10 כְּאֵין עֵינַיִם poet. for כַּאֲשֶׁר אֵין לוֹ עֵינַיִם (cf. Ew§ 286 g Ges§ 152. 1 h). c. †לְאֵין (α) for לַאֲשֶׁר אֵין לוֹ Is 40:29; in late prose 2 Ch 14:10 Ne 8:10. (β) in the condition of not … (ל of state, v. sub ל) = without or so that not … (peculiar to Ch), 1 Ch 22:4 cedar trees לְאֵין מִסְפָּר without number, 2 Ch 14:12 and there fell of the Cushites לְאֵין־לָהֶם מִחְיָה so that they had none remaining alive, 20:25 לְאֵין מַשָּׂא so that there was no carrying away, 21:18 Ezr 9:14. (γ) עַד־לְאֵין (see עַד ל׳), 2 Ch 36:16 until there was no remedy (cf. עַד אֵין … ψ 40:13 Jb 5:9). d. מֵאֵין (α) (מִן causal) from lack of … Is 50:2 Je 7:32; 19:11 Ez 34:8. (β) (v. מִן 7 b) proposes away from there being no … (with אֵין pleon., cf. מִבְּלִי, and מִבְּלִי אֵין), i.e. so that not …, without, mostly epexegetical of some term expressing desolation: Is 5:9 Surely many houses shall be desolate מֵאֵין יוֹשֵׁב without inhabitant, 6:11 + oft. Je & Zp; Is 6:11 מֵאֵין אָדָם, Je 32:43 מֵאֵין אָדָם וּבְהֵמָה 33:10, 12 Ez 33:28; La 3:49. Once sq. inf. Mal 2:13 so that there is no regarding more. (γ) in Je 10:6, 7 מֵאֵין כָּמוֹךָ, מֵאֵין is supposed by some to = a strengthened אֵין, even none, none at all; but it is difficult to justify this expl. logically; and it is preferable to point מֵאַיִן כָּמוֹךָ whence is any like thee? cf. 30:7. (So Mich v. DrHbr ii.34–7.)

† בְּלִי subst. wearing out (بِلًى, ܒܠܳܝ wearing out of a garment), hence 1. fig. destruction Is 38:17 שַׁחַת בְּלִי pit of destruction (of She’ôl). 2. defect, failure, hence adv. of negation (cf. אֶפֶס), chiefly poet. for לֹא, אֵין— a. with finite vb. rare and only once in prose, Gn 31:20 (E) עַל־בְּלִי הִגִּיד לוֹ because he told him not, Is 14:6; 32:10 Ho 8:7; 9:16 (Kt) Jb 41:18. b. used to negative an adj. or ptcp. 2 S 1:21 בְּלִי מָשִׁיחַ not anointed, ψ 19:4 Ho 7:8: more freq., especially in Job, joined with a subst. in sense of without, Jb 8:11 will the reed-grass grow בְּלִי־מָ֑יִם without water? 24:10 they go about naked בְּלִי לְבוּשׁ without clothing, 31:39; 33:9; 34:6; 38:2 words בְּלִי־דַעַת without knowledge, 39:16; 42:3 ψ 59:5 בְּלִי־עָוֹן יְרוּצוּן without (my) iniquity they run (against me), cf. v 4 לֹא, 63:2 a dry land בְּלִי מָ֑יִם without water, Is 28:8; Jb 30:8 בְּנֵי בְלִי־שֵׁם children of (men of) no name. With preps. a. †בִּבְלִי, in בִּבְלִי דַעַת Dt 4:42; 19:4 Jos 20:3, 5 D (= unawares: all in D’s law of homicide); without knowledge Jb 35:16; 36:12. b. †לִבְלִי in a state of (v. sub לְ) no …, i.e. without, Is 5:14 לִבְלִי־חֹק regardless of, without measure, Jb 38:41; 41:25 that is made לִבְלִי־חָֽת (to be) in a state of no fear, i.e. to be fearless. c. †מִבְּלִי (α) from want of, followed by a subst. or infin., מִן expressing causation, Dt 9:28 מִבְּלִי יְכֹלֶת י׳ on account of Jehovah’s not being able … (in Nu 14:16 מִבִּלְתִּי), 28:25 (Ew238 d; but also RSJPh. xvi.72), Is 5:13 unawares (= suddenly); Ho 4:6 Ez 34:5 La 1:4 מִבְּלִי בָּאֵי מוֹעֵד for lack of comers to the stated feast. Followed by a pleon. אֵין in the phrase הֲמִבְּלִי אֵין … is it on account of there being no …? (lit. is it from the deficiency of no …? cf. ܡܶܢ ܒܠܰܝ ܕܠܰܝܬ in Syriac; PS528), Ex 14:11 2 K 1:3, 6, 16. (β) so that there is no … (lit. away from there being no …, מִן expressing negation, and בְּלִי being pleon., as in מֵאֵין, v. sub אַיִן 6 d β); Je 2:15 its cities are burnt מִבְּלִי יוֹשֵׁב so that there is no inhabitant, 9:9–11 Ez 14:15 Zp 3:6. Once as a conj. מִבְּלִי אֲשֶׁר, with pleon. לֹא, so that not … Ec 3:11. In Job מִבְּלִי is used more freely = without, the connexion with a preceding verb being no longer distinctly felt: 4:20 without any heeding, they perish for ever, 6:6; 24:7, 8; prob. also 4:11; 31:19 (though here the sense) (α) would be admissible). (γ) in Jb 18:15 תִּשְׁכּוֹן בְּאָהֳלוֹ מִבְּלִי־לוֹ, מִן is prob. partitive (so Hi): there shall dwell in his tent what is naught of his: Ew§ 323 a De less probably even naught, cf. sub אַ֫יִן⁴" dir="rtl" >אַיִן 6 d γ; Ges ‘t error (supplied from v 14) shall dwell in his tent so that it is no more his.’ d. †עַד־בְּלִי till there be no … ψ 72:7 Mal 3:10.

† אֶ֫פֶס, אָ֑פֶס n.m. proposes ceasing, hence 1. end, extremity, only in the poet. phrase אַפְסֵי אֶרֶץ (ψ 59:14 א׳ הארץ) ends, extreme limits, of the earth, used especially hyperbolically: Dt 33:17 1 S 2:10 Mi 5:3 Je 16:19 ψ 2:8; 59:14; 72:8 (= Zc 9:10); + כָּל־ Is 45:22; 52:10b (= ψ 98:3b) ψ 22:28; 67:8 Pr 30:4. 2. Expressing non-existence: a. as subst. (mostly a rare poet. syn. of אַיִן): Is 34:12 and all his princes יִהְיוּ אָ֑פֶס shall become nought, 41:29; 41:12 יִהְיוּ כְאַיִן וּכְאֶפֶס; 40:17 מֵאֶפֶס וָתֹהוּ (‖ כְּאַיִן) as made of nought and worthlessness are they accounted by him, 41:24 (read פָּעָלְכָם מֵאָ֑פֶס, ‖ מ��אַיִן, v. אֶפַע); 52:4 and Asshur oppressed him בְּאֶפֶס for nought. b. as part. of negation, proposes cessation of …! (cf. אֵין … nought of …), very rare in prose (2 S 9:3), chiefly a poet. syn. of אֵין: Is 5:8 עַד אֶפֶס מָקוֹם till there is an end of place = till there is no place (cf. עַד אֵין ψ 40:13), Am 6:10 (cf. אָֽיִן Ju 4:20), Dt 32:36 (hence, in prose, 2 K 14:26), Is 45:6 (cf. אין 43:11) v 14; 46:9; 54:15; אֲנִי וְאַפְסִי עוֹד Zp 2:15 Is 47:8, 10 is prob. to be rendered, ‘I am, and there is none besides’ (so Ges Ew Di etc.), the י being ‘paragogic’ as in זוּלָתִי etc. (Ges§ 90, 3a Ew§ 211b), cf. עוֹד" dir="rtl" >וְאֵין עוֹד Is 45:5, 6, 18, 21; but according to De the י is sf. of 1 s. ‘I am, and I am nought besides’ (i.e. and I am nought besides my all-sufficient self).—בְּאֶפֶס (like בְּאֵין, q.v.) without: Pr 14:28; 26:20 Jb 7:6 Dn 8:25. c. as adv. of limitation: (a) only: †Nu 22:35 (cf. אַךְ v 20) 23:13. (b) אֶפֶס כִּי save that, howbeit (qualifying a preceding statement): †Nu 13:28 Dt 15:4 Ju 4:9 Am 9:8 (+ 1 S 1:5 𝔊 We Sta Dr). So אֶפֶס alone †2 S 12:14 (the foll. כִּי signifying because).

χωρίς, adverb, also χωρί, which see: (see. χῆρος):— separately, apart, once in Refs 8th c.BC+; χίλια τάλαντα.. χ. θέσθαι set them apart, in reserve, Refs 5th c.BC+; χ. οἰκεῖν live apart, have an independent establishment, Refs 4th c.BC+; χ. γενόμενοι being separated, Refs 5th c.BC+; μή με χ. αἰτιῶ without evidence, Refs 5th c.BC+; χ. ποιῆσαι distinguish, Refs 5th c.BC+; χ. βλέπειν look two ways, squint, Refs 4th c.BC+; opposed to κοινῇ, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to κοινόν, Refs 5th c.BC+; χ. δέ.. and separately, and besides, Refs 5th c.BC+; separately, Refs 5th c.BC+; λέγειν χ. περὶ ἑκάστου Legal cited in Refs 4th c.BC+; περὶ τὸ ἓν καὶ χ. about the one and without [the one] Refs 4th c.BC+; otherwise, χ. δὲ μηδαμῶς Refs 5th c.BC+; χ. ἢ ὁκόσοι except so many as.., Refs 5th c.BC+; also χ. εἰ μή (condemned by Ps.-Refs 1st c.AD+ __2 metaphorically, of different nature, kind, or quality, Refs 7th c.BC+ __II as preposition with genitive, without, Refs 4th c.BC+; without the help or will of, χ. Ζηνός Refs 5th c.BC+: after its case, πόνου χ. Refs __II.2 separate from, apart from, χ. ἀθανάτων Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 independently of, without reckoning, Refs 5th c.BC+; χ. δὲ τῆς δόξης οὐδὲ δίκαιόν μοι δοκεῖ.. Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.4 differently from, otherwise than, χ. μυρηρῶν τευχέων πνέων Refs 5th c.BC+

ἄνευ, Megarian and Hellenistic ἄνις (which see); ἄνευνRefs 6th c.AD+ —_preposition_ (never used in _composition_) with genitive (with accusative only Refs, without, opposed to σύν, ἄνευ ἕθεν οὐδὲ σὺν αὐτῷ 11.17.407; ἄ. κέντροιο without the goad, 23.387; μόνος ἄ. τινόςRefs 5th c.BC+; in pregnant sense, ἄ. θεῶν, mostly with negative, οὔτι ἄ. θεοῦ ἥδε γε βουλήRefs 8th c.BC+; also without negative, ἄ. ἐμέθεν without my knowledge and will, Refs; ἄ. πολιτᾶν without their consent, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄ. τοῦ ὑγιεινοῦ without reference to health, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II away from, far from, ἄ. δηΐωνRefs 5th c.BC+ __III in Prose, except, besides, πάντα ἄ. χρυσοῦRefspraeterquam quod attulerit.., Refs 4th c.BC+; καὶ ἄ. τοῦ λαμβάνειν even without it, Refs 5th c.BC+—In early writers it rarely follows its case, ὑφηγητοῦ δ᾽ ἄ.Refs 5th c.BC+; frequently in later Prose, as always in Refs 4th c.BC+ (Cf. Gothic inu, OHG. ᾱνο 'without'; perhaps akin to negative pref. ἀ-.)

ἄτερ [ᾰ], Epic dialect, Ionic dialect, Trag. preposition with genitive, without, apart from, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἄ. Ζηνός without his will, Refs 8th c.BC+; οὐ θεῶν ἄ. 'non sine dis', Refs 5th c.BC+ __II aloof, apart from, ἄ. ἥμενον ἄλλωνRefs 8th c.BC+:—frequently in Trag., mostly after its case, Refs 4th c.BC+; but before it in Refs 5th c.BC+:—also in late Prose, as LXX+1st c.BC+ __III with dative, ἄτερ ἄστρασινRefs 1st c.AD+

† בְּלִימָה n.[m.] nothingness (from בְּלִי & מָה, lit. not-aught) Jb 26:7 who hangeth the earth on בְּ׳.