Water

[מַי580] n.m. 2 S 14:14 only pl. מַ֫יִם waters, water (NH id.; MI 23 [ין]מ; SI 5 המים; Aramaic מַיָּא, מַיִּין, ܡܰܝܴ̈ܐ; Assyrian mû, pl. mê, also mâmu DlHWB 394; Arabic مَآءٌ; Ethiopic ማይ, pl. ማያት; Sab. [מו], מום, pl. מון, Min. [מה], pl. מהן DHM6th Or. Congr. (Leiden) ii. 1, 451 f. (v. on these forms BaZMG xiii, 1888, 341 ff.));—מַ֫יִם (מָ֑יִם) Gn 1:2 +; הַמַּ֫יְמָה Ex 7:15; 8:16; cstr. מֵי Gn 7:7 + 71 times; מֵימֵי Ex 4:9 + 10 times + Qr 2 K 18:27 = Is 36:12; sf. מֵימַי Ho 2:7 + 1 S 25:11 (but read here יֵינִי 𝔊 Ew Th We Klo Dr Kit Bu); מֵימֶ֫יךָ Ex 23:25 + 3 times; מֵימָיו Nu 20:8 + 6 times; מֵימֶיהָ Je 6:7; 50:38; מֵימֵינוּ La 5:4; מֵימֵיהֶם Ex 7:19 + 4 times;—waters, water (c. adj. pl. Gn 26:19 Ex 15:10 Lv 14:5, 6, 50 + often, so always c. adj.; also c. pt. pl. Nu 5:18, 19, 24 2 K 3:20 +; c. pron. pl. Nu 20:13; 27:14 2 K 2:21 +; cf. sf. Jos 4:18; before pl. vb. Gn 1:9, 20, 21; 7:17 + often; after pl. vb. Jos 3:13 Is 28:17 Pr 9:17 Ez 31:4 +; rarely c. sg. vb.; before, Gn 9:15 Lv 11:34 Nu 20:2; 24:7; 33:14 2 K 3:9; after, Nu 19:13, 20);— 1. a. water, of a spring or well (עַיִן, בְּאֵר) Gn 16:7; 24:11, 13(×2), 43 Ex 15:27(×2) (J), Gn 21:19, 25 Nu 20:17; 21:16 (E), etc.; for drinking, also Am 4:8; 8:11 Jon 3:7 + often; out of rock Ex 17:6 (E), Nu 20:8(×2), 10, 11 (P), Dt 8:15 etc.; מֵי מְרִיבָה (RSSem. i. 165. 2nd ed. 181) Nu 20:13, 24; 27:14 (P), Dt 33:8 ψ 81:8 106:32; cf. Dt 32:51 Ez 47:19; 48:28; for washing (hands, feet, person) Gn 18:4; 24:32; 43:24 (J), 2 K 3:11, Ex 29:4; 30:20 Lv 15:5, 6 + (P); (victims) Lv 1:9, 13; 8:21 (P); (vessels) Lv 6:21; 11:32, 34 (P); (garments) Lv 15:17 Nu 19:8 (P); for cooking Ex 12:9 (P), cf. Is 64:1 Ez 24:3 (symbol.); for purification Nu 8:7 (מֵי חַטָּאת), 19:9 (מֵי נִדָּה), cf. v 13, 18, 20, 21, 20:13; 31:23(×2) (all P), Ez 36:25 (fig.). b. of a river, Nile Ex 2:10; 4:9(×2) (J), Je 2:18 etc.; Jordan Jos 3:8 (D), v 15, 16 (JE), etc.; Euphrates Is 8:7 (fig.), Je 2:18; Ezek.’s river Ez 47:1(×2), 2 +, etc.; of streams, canals, etc., especially as condition of fertility Dt 8:7; 10:7 Is 1:30 Pr 30:16 2 K 3:17 +, etc. c. of sea Am 5:8; 9:6; Red Sea Ex 15:8, 10, 19 (song), 14:21, 22, 26 + (P), Jos 2:10 (D), etc. d. of flood Gn 7:7, 10; 8:3, 7, 8, 9, 11 (J), 6:17; 7:6, 17, 18(×2) 19; 8:5; 9:11, 15 (P); so מֵי־נֹחַ Is 54:9(×2) waters of Noah. e. subterranean Ex 20:4 (E), Dt 4:18; 5:8, cf. Jb 26:5 ψ 136:6. f. in clouds Je 10:13 Jb 26:8 ψ 29:3(×2) 104:3; 148:4, etc. g. of rain Ju 5:4 2 S 21:10 Dt 11:11 ψ 65:10 Jb 5:10 (‖ מָטָר), etc. h. of dew Ju 6:38. i. primæval deep Gn 1:2, 6 (P). 2. c. nomm. pr. loc. (q.v.), to denote springs, streams, or seas belonging to, near, such places: מֵימֵי מִצְרַיִם Ex 7:19; 8:2; מֵי מְרִיבָה (v. supr. 1 a); מֵי מֵרוֹם Jos 11:5, 7; מֵי עֵין־שֶׁמֶשׁ Jos 15:7; מֵי נֶפְתּוֹחַ 15:9; 18:15; מֵי יְרִיחוֹ 16:1; מֵי מְגִּדּוֹ Ju 5:19; מֵי נִמְרִ(יִ)ם Is 15:6 Je 48:34; מֵי דִימוֹן Is 15:9; cf. מֵי הַ��ִּׁלֹּחַ Is 8:6; מֵימֵי גִּיחוֹן הָעֶלְיוֹן 2 Ch 32:30; cf. also n. pr. loc. מִשְׂרְפוֹת מַיִם Jos 11:8; 13:6. 3. special uses are: מֵי רַגְלַיִם water of the feet = urine 2 K 18:27 = Is 36:12; cf. בְּמֵי מַדְמֵנָה Is 25:10 Kt in water of a dunghill (> Qr בְּמוֹ); מַיִם לַחַץ water (which is) distress, because drunk in imprisonment 1 K 22:27 (‖ לֶחֶם לַחַץ) = 2 Ch 18:26; בְּמֵי־שָׁ֑לֶג in snow-water Jb 9:30 Qr (Kt במו; Me Hoffm Siegfr כְּמוֹ), מֵימֵי שֶׁלֶג 24:19; מַיִם קְדשִׁים †Nu 5:17 holy water (cf. RSSem. 165, 2nd ed. 181, but text dubious, v. Di); מֵי הַמָּרִים bitter water †Nu 5:18, 19, 23, 24; cf. Ex 15:23 (בִּי מָרִים הֵם), opp. וַיִּמְתְּקוּ הַמַּיִם v 25 and the waters were sweetened; מֵי חַטָּאת, מֵי נִדָּה v. supr. 1 a; מַיִם חַיִּים living (i.e. running) water Lv 14:5, 6, 50, 51, 52 Nu 19:17, also (fig.) Zc 14:8 (cf. Ez 47), and (fig.) Je 2:13; 17:13. See also infr. (cf. Nu 21:17, 18; v. RSSem. i. 127, 157; 2nd ed. 135, 176). 4. among fig. uses are: a. of danger or distress Is 43:2 ψ 66:12; 69:2 La 3:54; usually many waters 2 S 22:17 = ψ 18:17, cf. Jb 22:11 ψ 32:6; 144:7, or deep waters ψ 69:3, 15, cf. v 16; also מֵי־רֹאשׁ water of gall Je 8:14; 9:14; 23:15. b. פֶּרֶץ מַיִם 2 S 5:20 = 1 Ch 14:11 of outbursting force. c. שְׁאוֹן מַיִם Is 17:12, 13 or rushing nations. d. of what is impetuous, violent, overwhelming Is 28:2, 17 Ho 10:7 Jb 27:20 ψ 124:4, 5; 88:18; sim. of impetuousness פַּחַז כַּמַּיִם Gn 49:4. e. (as running away) of heart in timidity Jos 7:5, cf. ψ 22:15, of knees Ez 7:17; 21:12. f. of transitoriness Jb 11:16; 24:18 ψ 58:8. g. of refreshment Is 32:2; 49:10; spiritual 12:3. h. מֵי מְנֻחוֹת ψ 23:2 in fig. of rest and peace, cf. Je 31:9. i. of reckless bloodshed (poured out like water) ψ 79:3; cf. pouring away (and not eating) blood Dt 12:16, 24; 15:23. j. בְּאֵר מַיִם חַיִּים Ct 4:15 fig. of bride; מַיִם מִבּוֹרֶ֑ךָ Pr 5:15 of enjoyment of one’s own wife; of harlotry מַיִם גְּנוּבִים Pr 9:17 stolen waters. k. of outpoured wrath of י׳ Ho 5:10. l. of abundant justice Am 5:24. m. of outpoured feelings Jb 3:24; שִׁפְכִי כַמַּיִם לִבֵּךְ La 2:19.—Is 48:1 read prob. מִמְּעֵי for MT מִמֵּי, so Secker Du CheHpt Skinner, cf. Di.

ὕδωρ [ῠ, see near the end], τό, genitive ὕδατος: an Epic dialect dative ὕδει in Refs 8th c.BC+; later nominative ὕδος Refs 3rd c.BC+; Boeotian dialect οὕδωρ probably in Refs:—water, of any kind, but in Refs 8th c.BC+ rarely of seawater without an epithet, ἄνεμός τε καὶ ὕ. Refs 8th c.BC+; of rivers, ὕ. Αἰσήποιο, Στυγός, Refs 8th c.BC+; so in Lyric poetry and Trag., ὕ, Ἀσώπιον Refs 5th c.BC+: frequently in plural (but only once in Refs 8th c.BC+ the waters of Cephisus, Refs 5th c.BC+: spring-water, drinking-water, οἶνον ἔμισγον καὶ ὕ. Refs 8th c.BC+; ὕ. πίνων a water-drinker, Refs 5th c.BC+ water for washing the hands, see at {χεί; φέρτε χερσὶν ὕ}. Refs 8th c.BC+ —a curse was invoked upon those who refused fire (i.e. the right to borrow burning embers) or water or to direct a traveller on his way, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅταν τὸ ὕδωρ πνίγῃ, τί δεῖ ἐπιπίνει; if water chokes, what more can be done ? of a desperate case, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 rain-water, rain, ὅτε λαβρότατον χέει ὕ. Ζεύς Refs 8th c.BC+ is a gloss in Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ Διὸς, or παρὰ τοῦ Δ., ὕ. Refs 5th c.BC+; καινὸν ἀεὶ τὸν Δία ὕειν ὕδωρ, ὕδωρ τὸν θεὸν ποιῆσαι, Refs 5th c.BC+ thunder-showers, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 for ἐν ὕδατι βρέχεσθαι, Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 in the law-courts, τὸ ὕδωρ was the water of the water-clock (κλεψύδρ), and hence the time it took in running out, ἂν ἐγχωρῇ τὸ ὕδωρ Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐν τῷ ἐμῷ ὕ., ἐπὶ τοῦ ἐμοῦ ὕ., in the time allowed me, Refs; οὐκ ἐνδέχεται πρὸς ταὐτὸ ὕ. εἰπεῖν one cannot say (all) in one speech, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπίλαβε τὸ ὕ. stop the water (which was done while the speech was interrupted by the calling of evidence and reading of documents), Refs 4th c.BC+; ἀποδιδόναι, παραδιδόναι τινὶ τὸ ὕ., to give him the turn of speaking, Refs 4th c.BC+ __5 generally, liquid, ὕδατος εἴδη τὰ τοιάδε· οἶνος, οὖρον, ὀρός Refs 5th c.BC+ __II part of the constellation Aquarius, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 a name for the winter solstice, Refs 4th c.AD+ __III Ὕδατα, τά, as the name of places with hot or mineral waters, Ὕ. Σέζτια, Latin Aquae Sextiae, Ὕ. Νεαπολιτανά, etc., Refs 2nd c.AD+ [ῠ by nature, ὕ?~Xδωρ Refs 8th c.BC+, and so always in Attic dialect (except sometimes in dactylic verse, Refs 8th c.BC+ (always at end of line except in phrase Στυγὸς ὕδωρ Refs 8th c.BC+; later Epic dialect admits ὕ ¯ δωρ more freely, Refs 3rd c.BC+, so that we find ῡ in the second half of the foot in Refs 7th c.BC+.] (Cf. Sanskrit udán-, genitive udn-ás 'water', ORefs 5th c.BC+ woeter, O Norse vatn; I.-Refs 5th c.BC+ u(e)d- with suffix r alternating with n (ὕδ-ṇ-τος): cognate with Sanskrit u-ná-t-ti (root ud-), 3rd.pers. plural u-n-d-ánti 'moisten', cf. Latin unda.)

ἄνυδρ-ος, ον, (ὕδωρ) waterless, of arid countries, Refs 8th c.BC+ Trag. cited in Phot.p.151 R.; especially without spring-water, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ ἄνυδρος (i.e. γῆ) LXX+4th c.BC+; of seasons, Refs 5th c.BC+, of a corpse, deprived of funeral lustrations; unwatered, σμύρναRefs __II ἄνυδρον, τό, ={στρύχνον μανικόν}, Refs 1st c.AD+

ἀφρός, ὁ, foam, of the sea, ῥόος Ὠκεανοῖο ἀφρῷ μορύρωνRefs 8th c.BC+, etc.; of a river, Refs __2 of persons and animals, foam, slaver, froth, περί τ᾽ ἀ. ὀδόντας γίγνεταιNT+5th c.BC+frothy blood, Refs 5th c.BC+; βακχίου παλαιγενοῦς ἀφρῷ, of wine, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II ἀφρὸς νίτρου, ={ἀφρόνιτρον}, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. alone, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 ἀ. αἵματος, ={σπέρμα},Refs 4th c.BC+ __III a kind of ἀφύη, Refs 4th c.BC+. (ṃbhrós, cf. Sanskrit abhrám 'cloud', Latin imber.)

ὑδρο-ποτέω, drink water, NT+5th c.BC+—ὑδροπωτέω is the more correct form accusative to Refs 1st c.AD+

† [מַשְׁאָב] n.[m.] appar. drawing-place of water; only pl. מַשְׁאַבִּים Ju 5:11.