Understanding and Discernment

† תְּבוּנָה n.f. understanding Dt 32:28 + 27 times; sf. תְּבוּנָתִי Pr 5:1 + 7 times; תובנתו Jb 26:12 Kt (Qr תְּבוּנָתוֹ); תְּבוּנָם Ho 13:2 for תְּבוּנָתָם v. De ψ 27:5; תְּבוּנוֹת ψ 49:4 + 4 times; תְּבוּנוֹתֵיכֶם Jb 32:11;— 1. the act Jb 26:12 ψ 78:72; 136:5 Pr 3:19; 21:30; 24:3 Je 10:12 (= 51:15) Ez 28:4 Ho 13:2 Ob 7. 2. the faculty Ex 31:3; 35:31; 36:1 (P) Dt 32:28 (poet.) Jb 12:12, 13 Pr 2:6, 11; 28:16 Is 44:19; אִישׁ תְּבוּנָה Pr 10:23; 15:21; 17:27; 20:5; אִישׁ תְּבוּנוֹת Pr 11:12 (= Ob 8 where אישׁ omitted by scribal error); דֶּרֶךְ תְּבוּנָה Is 40:14. 3. the object of knowledge Pr 2:3; 3:13; 5:1; 14:29; 18:2; 19:8 ψ 49:4; 147:5 Is 40:28 1 K 5:9; 7:14; תטה לבך לתבונה incline thy mind to understanding Pr 2:2; reasons Jb 32:11. 4. personified Pr 8:1 as teacher.

† בִּינָה n.f. understanding 1 Ch 12:32 + 28 times; cstr. בִּינַת Pr 30:2 Is 29:14; sf. בִּינָתִי Jb 20:3 + 4 times; pl. בִּינוֹת Is 27:11;— 1. the act Is 33:19 Je 23:20 Dn 1:20; 8:15; 9:22; 10:1. 2. the faculty Jb 20:3; 39:26 Pr 3:5; 23:4; 30:2 Is 27:11; קנה בינה get understanding Pr 4:5, 7; 16:16. 3. the object of knowledge Dt 4:6 1 Ch 22:12 Jb 28:12, 20, 28; 34:16; 38:36; 39:17 Pr 9:6, 10; 23:23 Is 11:2; 29:14; יָדַע בִינָה 1 Ch 12:32 2 Ch 2:11, 12 Jb 38:4 Pr 1:2; 4:1 Is 29:24. 4. personified Pr 2:8; 7:4; 8:14.

שֵׂ֫כֶל, שֶׂ֫כֶל n.m. prudence, insight;—שֵׂ֫׳ abs. ψ 111:10 +, cstr. Pr 19:11 +; שֶׂ׳ abs. 1 S 25:3 +; שָׂ֑כֶל Jb 17:4; sf. שִׂכְלוֹ Pr 12:8; Dn 8:25;— 1. prudence, good sense: טוֹבַת שׂ׳ woman of good sense 1 S 25:3. 2. insight, understanding: ‖ בִינָה 1 Ch 22:12; 2 Ch 2:11, cf. Jb 17:4; שׂ׳ טוֹב Pr 3:4; 13:15 ψ 111:10; 2 Ch 30:22; אִישׁ שׂ׳ Ezr 8:18; יוֹעֵץ בְּשׂ׳ 1 Ch 26:14; מְקוֹר חַיִּים שׂ׳ בְּעָלָיו Pr 16:22; restrains from anger 19:11, wins praise 12:8, fool despises שׂ׳ מִלִּים 23:9; שׂוֹם שׂ׳ Ne 8:8 (‖ הֵבִין) set forth (the) understanding (i.e. the meaning). 3. bad sense, cunning, craft, Dn 8:25.

σύνεσις, Attic dialect ξύνεσις, εως, ἡ, (συνίημι) uniting, union, πέτρη τε ξύνεσίς τε δύω ποταμῶν Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 metaphorically, with allusion to {συνεσθίω} signification and significationRefs 3rd c.AD+ __II faculty of quick comprehension, mother-wit, sagacity, NT+5th c.BC+; hence of animals, ὃ [ζῷον] συνέσει.. ὑπερέχει τῶν ἄλλων Refs 5th c.BC+; φρόνησίς τε καὶ ξ. Refs 5th c.BC+; σ. λαβεῖν, of children, Refs 4th c.BC+; μοῖραν ἔχειν συνέσεως (αἰσθήσεως) Refs 4th c.BC+; also with qualifying words added, σ. φρενῶν Refs 5th c.BC+; γνώμης ξ. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ περὶ τὴν διάνοιαν σ. Refs; ἡ ὑμετέρα σ. as form of address, Refs 5th c.AD+ __II.2 with genitive objecti, intelligence in a thing, sagacity in respect to it, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III conscience ={συνείδησις}, ἡ σ. (i.e. μ᾽ ἀπόλλυσι) · ὅτι σύνοιδα δείν᾽ εἰργασμένος Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV a branch of art or science, οἱ περὶ τὴν σ. ταύτην, i.e. music, Refs 4th c.BC+ __IV.b knowledge, opposed to ἄγνοια, Refs __V decision, decree, Refs 1st c.BC+ (σύνειμι) come together, neglecting the unwritten aspiration (συνἱέναι); but the form and significations point to συνίημι 11, perceive, apprehend,Refs 4th c.BC+

† שָׂכְלְתָנוּ (K§ 61, 4)) n.f. insight;—Dn 5:11, 12, 14.

φρόν-ησις, εως, ἡ, purpose, intention, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 thought, ἰδία φ., opposed to λόγος ξυνός, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 sense, εἴ τις ἄρα τοῖς ἐκεῖ φ. περὶ τῶν ἐνθάδε γιγνομένων Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 judgment, κατὰ τὴν ἰδίαν φ. οὐδεὶς εὐτυχεῖ Refs 4th c.BC+ __5 arrogance, pride, Refs 5th c.BC+; also in good sense, τὸ φῦναι πατρὸς εὐγενοῦς ἄπο ὅσην ἔχει φρόνησιν just pride, Refs __II practical wisdom, prudence in government and affairs, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to σῶμα, Refs; opposed to ῥώμη, Refs 5th c.BC+; also attributed to sagacious animals, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III Refs 4th c.BC+ name for three, Refs

δυσ-νόητος, ον, hard to be understood, Dariusap. NT+2nd c.AD+ __II active, slow of understanding, Refs 2nd c.AD+

‡ † בִּינָה n.f. understanding (BH; √ בין; 𝔗 בִּיּוּנָא, Syriac ܒܽܘܝܳܢܳܐ );—abs. ב׳ Dn 2:21.