Treachery and Betrayal

† [בָּגַד] vb. act or deal treacherously— Qal Pf. בָּֽגְדָה Je 3:20 + 14 times; Impf. יִבְגֹּד Mal 2:15 + 5 times; נִבְגַּד Mal 2:10; Inf. abs. בָּגוֹד Is 48:8; Je 5:11; cstr. בְּגֹד Is 33:1; בִּגְדוֹ Ex 21:8; Pt. בֹּגֵד Pr 22:12 + 11 times; בּוֹגֵד Is 33:1 + 10 times—act or deal treacherously, faithlessly, deceitfully, in the marriage relation, in matters of property or right, in covenants, in word and in general conduct. a. abs. 1 S 14:33; Jb 6:15 ψ 78:57; Is 24:16; 33:1(×2); 48:8 Mal 2:11. Cf. phrases אחי בגדו כמו נחל my brethren have dealt deceitfully as a brook Jb 6:15; בֹּגְדִים בָּגָ֑דוּ וּבֶגֶד בּוֹגְדִים בָּגָ֑דוּ the treacherous have dealt treacherously, yea in treachery have the treacherous dealt treacherously Is 24:16 (striking alliteration); בֹּגְדֵי אָוֶן treacherous in wickedness ψ 59:6. b. with בְּ Ex 21:8 (E), Ju 9:23; Is 33:1(×2) Je 3:20; 5:11; 12:6; La 1:2; Ho 5:7; 6:7; Mal 2:10, 14, 15, 16. c. c. acc. ψ 73:15. d. c. מִן pregnant, בָּֽגְדָה אִשָּׁה מֵרֵעָהּ acteth treacherously (in departing) from her friend Je 3:20. The ptcp. is used Pr 2:22 + 8 times, ψ 25:3; 59:6; 119:158 Is 21:2; 24:16(×2); 33:1 Je 3:8, 11; 9:1 Hb 1:13; 2:5; בֹּגְדֵי בָ֑גֶד dealers treacherously in treachery (very treacherously) Je 12:1.

† מָעַל vb. act unfaithfully, treacherously, a priestly word (P Ez. Ch.), chiefly late (NH id., act unfaithfully; Arabic مَغَلَ whisper, backbite, مَغَالَةٌ perfidy, fraud);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. מָעַל Jos 22:20 + 4 times; 3 fs. מָֽעֲלָה Lv 5:21 Nu 5:12 + 13 times Pf.; Impf. יִמְעַל Pr 16:10 2 Ch 26:16; 3 fs. תִּמְעֹל Lv 5:15 Nu 5:27; 3 mpl. יִמְעֲלוּ Jos 7:1, וַיִּמְעֲלוּ 1 Ch 5:25; 2 mpl. תִּמְעָ֑לוּ Ne 1:8; Inf. cstr. לִמְעֹל, so read for ℌ למסר Nu 31:16 Thes Di;—act unfaithfully, treacherously, usually 1. מָעַל מַ֫עַל: a. abs. בַּחֵרֶם in the matter of the devoted thing (the sin of Achan) Jos 7:1 (JE), 22:20 (P), cf. Lv 5:15 (P), 2 Ch 36:14 Ez 14:13; 15:8; 18:24. b. wife against (בְּ) husband Nu 5:12, 27 (P; marital infidelity). c. elsewhere ag. (בְּ) God, Lv 26:40 (H), 5:21 Nu 5:6; 31:16 (?) Jos 22:16, 31 (all P), 1 Ch 10:13 2 Ch 28:19 Ez 17:20; 20:27; 39:26 Dn 9:7. 2. usage without מַעַל (only late): a. במשׁפט לא ימעל פיו Pr 16:10 let not his (the king’s) mouth act treacherously against justice (RV in judgment). b. elsewhere against God, c. בְּ, Dt 32:51 (P), 1 Ch 5:25 2 Ch 12:3; 26:16; 28:22; 30:7 Ezr 10:2 Ne 13:27 Ez 39:23; without בְּ, 2 Ch 26:18; 29:6 Ezr 10:10 Ne 1:8; בַּהֵרֶם 1 Ch 2:7.

προ-δότης, ου, Doric dialect -ας, ὁ, betrayer, traitor, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. πατρός, πατρίδος, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. τῶν ὅρκων traitor to his oaths, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 one who abandons in danger, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 as adjective, irregular comparative -ίστερονRefs 9th c.AD+

† I. בֶּ֫גֶד n.[m.] treachery, Is 24:16; Je 12:1.

† [בָּגוֹד] adj. treacherous, f. בָּֽגוֹדָה (on form cf. Ew§ 152 b Nö§ 107) Je 3:7, 10.

ἄσπονδ-ος, ον, without σπονδή or drink-offering: hence, __I of a god, to whom no drink-offering is poured, ἄ. θεός, i.e. death, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II without a regular truce (ratified by σπονδαί), ἀνοκωχήRefs 5th c.BC+; of persons, without making a truce, ἄ. ἀπιέναιRefs; ἀσπόνδους τοὺς νεκροὺς ἀνελέσθαι take up their dead without leave asked, Refs; τὸ εὐπρεπὲς ἄσπονδον the specious plea of neutrality, Refs __II.2 admitting of no truce, implacable, ἄσπονδόν τ᾽ Ἄρη (ἀράν codices) Refs 5th c.BC+; of persons, implacable, NT. adverb -δως, ἔχεινRefs 1st c.AD+

ἀσύν-θετος, ον, (συντίθημι) uncompounded, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. φωνή a word standing alone, Refs 3rd c.BC+. adverb -τωςRefs __II (συντίθεμαι) bound by no covenant, faithless, ὁ δῆμός ἐστιν πρᾶγμα τῶν πάντων ἀσυνθετώτατονNT+4th c.BC+; making no covenants, ἀ. διατελοῦσιRefs 1st c.BC+

† בֹּגְדוֹת pl.abst. אַנְשֵׁי בֹגְדוֹת men of treachery Zp 3:4.