Testing and Temptation

πειράζω, (πεῖρα) used by early authors only in present and imperfect, the other tenses being supplied by πειράω, -άομαι: Cretan dialect future πειράξω Refs: aorist 1 imperative πείρᾰσον Refs 1st c.AD+: aorist passive ἐπειράσθην LXX+NT: perfect participle πεπειρασμένος NT:—make proof or trial of, with genitive, Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 with infinitive, attempt to do, NT+2nd c.BC+; π. τι attempt a thing, ἄλλος ἄλλην ἐπ᾽ ἐμὲ πειράζει τέχνην Refs 2nd c.AD+make trial of, Refs: absolutely, make an attempt, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __3 passive, ἤθη.. ἐν χρόνῳ πειράζεται are tried, proved, Refs 4th c.BC+; to be experienced, Refs 1st c.BC+ __II with accusative person, try, tempt a person, put him to the test, LXX; ἑαυτοὺς πειράζετε, εἰ.. NT; τί πειράζετε τὸν Κύριο; LXX+NT __II.2 in bad sense, seek to seduce, tempt, Ἀθηναίην Refs 3rd c.BC+ the Tempter, NT:—passive, to be sorely tried, πειραζομένη βασανίζομαι Refs 1st c.BC+; to be attacked, ὑποχύσει Refs 1st c.AD+; to be tempted to sin, NT

ἐκπειρ-άζω, tempt, with accusative, LXX+NT

† II. מַסָּה n.f. test, trial, proving;—cstr. מַסַּת Jb 9:23; pl. מַסֹּת Dt 4:34; 7:19, מסּוֹת Dt 29:2:—testings or provings of Pharaoh and Egyptians at Exodus, Dt 4:34 (v. Dr), 7:19; 29:2 (‖ אֹתֹת);—test, trial, of innocent person Jb 9:23 according to Hi al., but v. i. מַסָּה sub מסס.

δελε-άζω, (δέλεαρ) entice or catch by a bait, τὴν γραῦν δ. λεπαστῇ Refs 4th c.BC+:— passive, γαστρὶ δελεάζεσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+; ὑπὸ χρημάτων, ὑπὸ τῆς ἡδονῆς, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II with accusative cognate, νῶτον ὑὸς περὶ ἄγκιστρον δ. put it on the hook as a bait, Refs 5th c.BC+; but δ. ἄγκιστρον ἰσχάδι bait it with a fig, Refs 2nd c.AD+

ἐπιχειρ-έω, (χείρ) put one's hand to, οἱ μὲν δείπνῳ ἐπεχείρεον Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 put one's hand to a work, set to work at, attempt, τῇ διώρυχι Refs 5th c.BC+; δρησμῷ ἐ. attempt an escape, Refs 5th c.BC+; λόγοις, τέχνῃ, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 less frequently with accusative, μεγάλα ἔργα Refs 6th c.BC+:—passive, to be attempted, Refs 5th c.BC+the thing attempted, Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 with infinitive, endeavour, attempt to do, Refs 5th c.BC+: with future infinitive, Refs 1st c.AD+:—passive, ἃ τὸ πρῶτον ἐπεχειρήθη πραχθῆναι Refs 5th c.BC+ __5 ἐπειχειρήθη with dative, an operation was performed, τῇσιν αἱμορροΐσι Refs 5th c.BC+ __II make an attempt on, attack, τινι Refs 5th c.BC+; κτείνων ἢ ἐπιχειρῶν Legal cited in Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.b obscene meaning, ἐ. μειρακίοις Refs 4th c.AD+ __III attempt to prove, argue dialectically, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔκ τινος from a topic,Refs 4th c.BC+

ἀπείραστος, ον, incapable of being tempted, κακῶνNT __II without experience, τῶν ἀβουλήτωνRefs 4th c.AD+ __III not experienced, Refs 2nd c.AD+; untried, τέχνηRefs 5th c.BC+

πειράω, Refs 8th c.BC+: imperfect __A ἐπείρων Refs 5th c.BC+future -άσω [ᾱ] Refs: aorist ἐπείρᾱσα Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect πεπείρᾱκα Refs 2nd c.AD+ —passive, aorist ἐπειράθην [ᾱ] Refs 5th c.BC+; compare πειράζω. __B more frequently in middle πειράομαι, Refs 8th c.BC+future -άσομαι [ᾱ] Refs 5th c.BC+; Doric dialect 2nd pers. plural πειρασεῖσθε Refs 5th c.BC+aorist ἐπειρᾱσάμην, Ionic dialect ἐπειρησάμην, Refs 8th c.BC+; but aorist passive ἐπειρήθην, Attic dialect ἐπειράθην [ᾱ], found in middle sense, Refs 8th c.BC+perfect πεπείρᾱμαι, Ionic dialect -ημαι, Refs 8th c.BC+: 3rd.pers. plural pluperfect ἐπεπείραντο Refs 2nd c.AD+, Ionic dialect ἐπεπειρέατο Refs 5th c.BC+ __A active, attempt, endeavour, try, with infinitive, μήτε τις.. πειράτω διακέρσαι ἐμὸν ἔπος Refs 8th c.BC+: with adjective neuter, πολλὰ πειρῶντες Refs 5th c.BC+: with infinitive understood, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II with genitive person, make trial of one, μή μευ πειράτω, for the purpose of persuading, Refs 8th c.BC+; of things, τευχέων Refs 3rd c.BC+: in hostile sense, make an attempt on, μήλων πειρήσοντα Refs 8th c.BC+; οὐ πειρᾶν τῆς πόλιος, πρὶν.. Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.III absolutely, ναυσὶ π. make an attempt by sea, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.IV with accusative of things, experience, τύχης ἐπήρειαν Refs 2nd c.AD+ __A.IV.2 with accusative person, make an attempt on a woman's honour, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, πειραθεὶς ὁ Ἁρμόδιος ὑπὸ Ἱππάρχου Refs 5th c.BC+; see below Refs 5th c.BC+ __B more frequently in middle, with infinitive, try to do, Refs 8th c.BC+: with future infinitive, Refs 1st c.AD+infinitive is sometimes understood, πειρήσεται (i.e. ἀλύξαι) Refs 8th c.BC+; by ἐάν or ἄν, Refs 5th c.BC+; by μὴ.., lest.., Refs 8th c.BC+; by ὅπως.., Refs 5th c.BC+: with participle, frequently in Refs 5th c.BC+; προσβαίνωνRefs; π. σκοπῶν Refs 5th c.BC+?? with neuter adjective, τὰ μεγάλα καὶ τὰ μικρὰ π. Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II most frequently (V.Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.II.1 with genitive person, make trial of one, Refs 8th c.BC+; νῦν σεῦ, ξεῖνε, ὀΐω πειρήσεσθαι, εἰRefs 8th c.BC+; ἦ πρῶτ᾽ ἐξερέοιτο ἕκαστά τε πειρήσαιτο test him in each particular, Refs 8th c.BC+; π. θεοῦ make trial of, tempt a god, Refs 5th c.BC+: in hostile sense, πρὶν πειρήσαιτ᾽ Ἀχιλῆος Refs 8th c.BC+; π. τῆς Πελοποννήσου make an attempt on it, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.2 with genitive of things, make proof or trial of.., σθένεος Refs 8th c.BC+; χειρῶν καὶ σθένεος π., ἢ.. ἦ.. Refs 8th c.BC+; try one's chance at or in a work or contest, ἔργου Refs; ἀέθλου, ἀέθλων, Refs 8th c.BC+; make proof of, try a weapon, τόξου Refs arrows whose force they were soon to make trial of, i. e.feel, Refs; also, make proof of, have experience of, especially in perfect passive, first in Refs 8th c.BC+; πειρασάμενος ἀγαθῶν, δουλείας, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὀρφανίας π., i.e. to be an orphan, Refs 3rd c.BC+; but π. τινὸς μετρίου find him moderate by experience or on trial, Refs 1st c.AD+; also, πεπείρανται ὅτι.. Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II.3 absolutely, try one's fortune, try the chances of war, αἴ κε θεὸς πειρώμενος ἐνθάδ᾽ ἵκηται Refs 8th c.BC+; πειρώμενος ἢ ἐν ἀέθλῳ ἠὲ καὶ ἐν πολέμῳ making trial of one's powers, Refs; Ἕκτορι πειρηθῆναι ἀντιβίην, ἢ.. ἦ.. to try one's fortune against him, Refs; περὶ δ᾽ αὐτῆς πειρηθήτω (i.e. τῆς ἵππου) let him try for her, as a prize, Refs __B.III make a trial or put a matter to the test, ἐν σοὶ πειρώμεθα Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐπειρήσαντο πόδεσσι tried their luck in the foot-race, Refs 8th c.BC+; also π. σὺν ἔντεσι, σὺν τεύχεσι π., Refs 8th c.BC+perfect, οὐδέ τί πω μύθοισι πεπείρημαι I have not tried myself, have not found my skill, in words, Refs 8th c.BC+; πεπειραμένος σαφῶς οἶδα by experience, Refs __B.IV with accusative person, make an attempt onRefs 5th c.BC+