Stubble and Chaff

† תֶּ֫בֶן n.m. Ex 5:16 straw (√ unknown; Ges al. cp. בנה (cf. Thes 1492), but v. LagBN 138; NH = BH; Assyrian tibnu; Aramaic תִּיבְנָא, ܬܶܒܢܳܐ, whence Arabic تِبْنٌ as loan-wd. Frä124);—abs. ת׳ Gn 24:25 +, תֶּ֑בֶן Ex 5:10 +;—straw, i.e. straw threshed fine: chaff Je 23:28 (opp. בָּר), blown by wind Jb 21:18 (in sim.; ‖ מֹץ), yielding 41:19 (sim.); food for camels Gn 24:25, 32 (J), asses Ju 19:19 (all + מִסְפּוֹא), בָּקָר Is 11:7; 65:25, horses 1 K 5:8 (+ שְׂעֹרִים); mixed with clay in brick-making Ex 5:7(×2), 10, 11, 12 (opp. קַשׁ), v 13, 16, 18 (J);—v. further VogelsteinLandwirthsch. 67.

† קַשׁ n.m. Na 1:10 stubble, chaff;—abs. ק׳ Ex 5:12 +, כַּקַּשׁ 15:7;—lit. as acc. cogn. לְקשֵׁשׁ ק׳ לַתֶּבֶן Ex 5:12 (J); in sim., as inflammable, 15:7; Is 5:24; 47:14; Na 1:10; Jo 2:5, so in metaph. Is 33:11; Ob 18; Mal 3:19; in sim., as driven by wind Is 40:24; 41:2; Je 13:24 ψ 83:14; fig. of the worthless Jb 13:25, of harmless trifles 41:20, 21.

† [מוֹץ], מֹץ n.m. Is 29:5 chaff (Talm. 𝔗 מוֹצָא, Arabic مَوْصٌ straw);—מ׳ abs. Ho 13:3 + 6 times; cstr. Is 17:13;—chaff, always as driven by wind, and always c. כְּ, in sim.; of wicked Jb 21:18 (‖ תֶּבֶן לִפְנֵי רוּחַ), cf. ψ 1:4; 35:5 Ho 13:3; of hostile nations Is 17:13 (מ׳ הָרִים), 29:5 (‖ אָבָק דַּךְ); hyperb. of Judah’s power, גְּבָעוֹת כַּמֹּץ תָּשִׂים Is 41:15 (‖ תָּדוּשׁ הָרִים וְתָדֹק); of passing time, יוֹם Zp 2:2.

κάρφος, εος, τό, any small dry body, especially dry stalk, as of the dry sticks of cinnamon, Refs 5th c.BC+; of rice-straw, Refs 2nd c.AD+: generally, in plural, dry twigs, chips, straws, bits of wool, such as birds make their nests of, Refs 5th c.BC+: in singular, chip of wood, Refs 5th c.BC+; toothpick, Refs 4th c.AD+. 'not stirring an inch', Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀπὸ τῆς κύλικος κάρφος τῷ μικρῷ δακτύλῳ ἀφαιρετεῖν Ion Hist.1. __II = Latin festuca, Refs 1st c.AD+ __III a small piece of wood on which the watchword was written, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __IV in plural, ripe fruit, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __V ={τῆλις}, Refs 1st c.AD+ in A.[same place], Plb.[same place]: perhaps cognate with Engl. sharp.)

ἄχῠρον [ᾰ], τό, mostly in plural ἄχυρα, chaff, bran, husks left after threshing or grinding, NT+5th c.BC+ 'pig in clover', of unexpected good fortune, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄχυρα ἀπὸ τοῦ τοίχου ἀποσπᾶν, of dying persons, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II in plural, ἄ. χρυσοχοϊκά slag from gold-smelting, Refs

† חֲשַׁשׁ n.m. Is 5:24 chaff;—abs. תַּהֲרוּ ח׳ תִלְדוּ קַשׁ Is 33:11 ye conceive chaff, ye bring forth stubble (fig. of vain attempt of Assyrian); cstr. ח׳ לֶהָבָה יִרְפֶּח Is 5:24 (‖ קַשׁ) as flaming chaff sinketh down (sim. of perishing of heedless Judahites).

κᾰλᾰμ-η, ἡ, (see. κάλαμος) stalk, especially the stalk or straw of corn, metaphorically in Refs 8th c.BC+, i.e. when there is much straw and little harvest, much slaughter and little profit, Refs 8th c.BC+; κ. πυρῶν wheat-straw, Refs 5th c.BC+; proverbial of a greedy farmer, πυροὺς ἐπὶ καλάμῃ ἀροῦν to exhaust ground by one corn-crop after another, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 stubble, NT+4th c.BC+ thou mayst still, I ween, perceive the stubble (i.e. the residue) of former strength, Refs 8th c.BC+; Ῥήσου κ. the remains of Rhesus, i.e. his corpse, Oracle texts cited in Refs 2nd c.AD+; ἀπὸ τῆς κ. τεκμαίρεσθαι to judge from the remains, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __3 κολχὶς κ., ={λίνον}, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II ={κάλαμος}, Refs 3rd c.AD+

† מַתְבֵּן n.[m.] straw-heap;—מ׳ Is 25:10.

† עוּר n.[m.] chaff (J.Aram (Talm, rare), Syriac ܥܽܘܪܳܐ; Arabic عُوَّارٌ, عَاىِٔرٌ mote (in eye, tending to cause blindness [עִוֵּר]) according to Arabic Lexx., Lane 2195);—abs. ע׳ Dn 2:35 (in sim.).