Skin and Leather

עוֹר99 n.m. Jb 7:5 skin (NH id.; Ph. ערת Lzb 346);—ע׳ abs. Gn 3:21 +, cstr. Ex 34:29 +; sf. עֹרוֹ 29:14 +, עוֹרוֹ Je 13:23, עֹרָהּ Nu 19:5, etc.; pl. cstr. עֹרֹת Gn 27:16 +, עוֹרֹת Ex 39:34, sf. עֹרֹתָם Lv 16:27;—skin: 1. of men (55 times), שׂמְלָתוֹ לְעֹרוֹ Ex 22:26 (E), ע׳ פָּנָיו 34:29, 30 cf. v 35 (all P); (dark) skin of Cushite Je 13:23; v. also Ez 37:6, 8 La 3:8 Jb 7:5; 10:11 +; in hyperb. Mi 3:2, 3; עוֹר שִׁנָּ֑י Jb 19:20b the skin of my teeth, i.e. gums (si vera l.); also Lv 13:2 + 33 times Lv 13 (P), in tests for leprosy (v. especially ע׳־בְּשָׂרוֹ v 2(×2), 3, 4, 11, cf. v 3, 38, 39, 43); עוֹר בְּעַד עוֹר Jb 2:4 skin in behalf of, for, skin, appar. proverb. phrase of barter, = everything has its price (on varieties of interpr. v. Comm.). 2. hide of animals (44 times), always—except Jb 40:31—after skinning: Gn 27:16 (J); of sacrif. victims Ex 29:14 Lv 4:11 + 5 times (all P); prepared for use (by some process of tanning, cf. NowArch. i. 242), sometimes = leather: material of garments Gn 3:21 (J), girdle 2 K 1:8, any article Lv 11:32; 13:48 ff; Nu 31:20 (P); covering of tabern. Ex 25:5(×2) + 10 times Ex 26, 35, 36, 39, of ark, sacred utensils, etc., Nu 4:6 + 5 times Nu 4.

† I. תַּ֫חַשׁ n.m. taḫaš, a kind of leather or skin, and perhaps the animal yielding it (prob. the dugong, cf. Arabic تُخَسٌ dolphin, Thes 1500 Di-Ry Ex 25:5 PostHastDB badger; Assyrian taḫšu (Dl Baer Ezech. xvi), for which DlProl. 77 ff.; HWB 705 conj. meaning sheep(skin); Bondi Egyptiaca 1 ff. cp. Egypt. ṯḥś, leather; v. summary of views M’Lean-ShipleyEncy. Bib. badgers’ skins);—abs. ת׳ Nu 4:6 +, תָּחַשׁ v 8 +; pl. תְּחָשִׁים Ex 25:5 +;—leather used for (woman’s) sandals Ez 16:10; elsewhere for cover of tabernacle Nu 4:25, עוֹר ת׳ v 6, 8, 10, 11, 12, 14, עֹרֹת (הַ)תְּחָשִׁים Ex 25:5; 26:14; 35:7, 23; 36:19; 39:34 (all P).

βυρσοδέψ-ης, ου, ὁ, (δέψω) tanner, Refs 5th c.BC+

δερμᾰτ-ινος, η, ον, of skin, leathern, ἠρτύναντο δ᾽ ἐρετμὰ τροποῖς ἐν δ. NT+8th c.BC+; τεύχη Refs 1st c.BC+; ὄγκος Refs 1st c.AD+; χιτών (of the human skin), Refs 3rd c.AD+

† I. שָׂעִר adj. hairy;—ms. אִישׁ שׂ׳ Gn 27:11; fpl. יָדָיו שְׂעִרֹת v 23 (J).

δέρμα, ατος, τό, (δέρω) skin, hide, συός Refs 8th c.BC+; λέοντος a lion's skin for a cloak, Refs 8th c.BC+; of skins prepared for bags, bottles, etc., Refs 8th c.BC+; of a man's skin, Refs 8th c.BC+; of a man's skin stripped off, Refs 5th c.BC+; of the shell of a tortoise, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 skin of fruits, Refs 4th c.BC+; περικαρπίων δέρματα outer coverings of seed-vessels, Refswallet, scrip, Refs 5th c.AD+

λεπ-ίς, ίδος, ἡ, (λέπω) epithelial debris, Refs 5th c.BC+; layer of the skull, Refs; ᾠοῦ λ. egg-shell, Refs 5th c.BC+; cup of a filbert, Refs 1st c.AD+; coat of an onion, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 collectively, scales of fish, λεπίδος σιδηρέης ὄψιν ἰχθυοειδέος Refs 5th c.BC+; also of serpents, variant in Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 of other things, λ. χαλκοῦ flakes that fly from copper in hammering, Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 plate of metal, Refs 3rd c.BC+; of gold and silver, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __5 λ. πρίονος blade of a saw, Refs 1st c.AD+ __6 λεπίδες (i.e. χιόνος) snow-flakes, conjecture in Refs 4th c.BC+

μηλωτή, ἡ, (μῆλον A) sheepskin, any rough woolly skin, NT+5th c.BC+ __II (μήλη) = {μηλωτίς}, Erot. see at {κάτοπτρον}.

χρώς, ὁ, genitive χρωτός, dative χρωτί, accusative χρῶτα (Attic dialect χρώ only in Refs 7th c.BC+, as always in Hom.and Refs 8th c.BC+, accusative χρῶτα Refs 8th c.BC+; these forms are frequently in Trag., but Ionic dialect dative χροΐ occurs in Refs 7th c.BC+ —rare in Comedy texts and _Attic dialect_ Prose. __I of the human body, skin or flesh, οὔ σφι λίθος χρὼς οὐδὲ σίδηρος Refs 8th c.BC+; λιλαιοένη χροὸς ἆσαι, of a spear,Refs 8th c.BC+: especially flesh, opposed to bone, φθινύθει δ᾽ ἀμφ᾽ ὀστεόφι χρώς Refs 8th c.BC+ (which usage is said by Refs 2nd c.AD+.435, with reference to LXX+5th c.BC+: generally, one's body, frame, Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.2 ἐν χροΐ, or ἐν χρῷ, close to the skin, ἐν χροΐ κείρειν to shave close, Refs 5th c.BC+:—metaphorically, to the quick, ξυρεῖ γὰρ ἐν χρῷ τοῦτο Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν χρῷ παραπλεῖν sail past so as to shave or graze, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὴν μάχην συνάψαι ἐν χρῷ to fight at close quarters, Refs 1st c.AD+; ἡ ἐν χρῷ συνουσία close acquaintance, Refs 2nd c.AD+ close to, hard by a person or thing, τοῦ θώρακος (variant{σώματος}) Refs 1st c.AD+; τῆς γῆς Refs 2nd c.AD+near at hand, Refs 5th c.AD+ __II the colour of the skin, complexion, μελαίνετο δὲ χρόα καλόν Refs 8th c.BC+; τρέπεται χ. his colour changes, i. e. he turns pale, Refs 8th c.BC+; τί χρὼς τέτραπτα; (paratragoedia) Refs 5th c.BC+; rare in Attic dialect Prose, ἐπὶ τῷ χρωτὶ μέγα φρονεῖν Refs 5th c.BC+: in Ionic dialect Prose, of the colour of a finger, χροΐ δῆλα Refs 6th c.BC+ __II.2 generally, colour, ἀμείβων χρῶτα πορφυρᾷ βαφῇ Refs 4th c.BC+

† [גֶּ֫לֶד] n.m. skin (Arabic جِلْدٌ, Aramaic גִּלְדָּא, ܓܶܠܕܳܐ ) of man Jb 16:15 שַׂק תָּפַרְתִּי עֲלֵי גִלְדִּ֑י.

† זָג n.[m.] name of some comparatively insignif. product of vine (גֶּפֶן הַיַּיִן), the eating of which was included in prohibition to Nazirite; skin of grape, so Thes (after Onk Mishna Maaser. 5 § 4, Orla 1 § 8, cf. Sifre ad loc.): מֵחַרְצַנִּים וְעַד־זָ֖ג לֹא יֹאכֵ֑ל Nu 6:4 (NH זג, זוג; so called as transparent? cf. Aramaic זְגוּגִיתָא, ܙܰܓܽܘܓܺܝܬܳܐ glass, NH זַגָּג glazier (Arabic زُجَاجٌ glass, is a loan-wd. according to Frä64); cf. theory of √ in LagGes Abh. 41, Fll.c.: but in Heb. glass is זְכוֹכִית).