Sackcloth Mourning

† שַׂק n.m. Jos 9:4 sack sackcloth (v. SchwallyZAW xi (1891), 173 who conj. Egyptian origin; NH סַק sackcloth (rare); Assyrian šaḳḳu, sack (DlHWB 687 a), sackcloth (WklAltor. Forsch. vi. 44); Ethiopic ሠቅ = BH; Aramaic סַקָּא, ܣܰܩܳܐ; Gk. σάκκος LewyFremdw. 87);—abs. שׂ׳ Gn 37:34 +, שָׂ֑ק Je 48:37 +; sf. שַׂקִּי ψ 30:12, etc.; pl. שַׂקִּים Jos 9:4 +, sf. שַׂקֵּיהֶם Gn 42:35;— 1. sack, for grain Gn 42:25, 27 (‖ אַמְתַּחַת), v 35(×2) (E), Jos 9:4 (JE), perhaps also Lv 11:32 (P). 2. sackcloth: a. worn in mourning and humiliation (v. NowArch. i. 192 f. SACookEncy. Bib. s.v.), either loose garment like sack, or piece of similar material (of rough, dark hair), fastened round body: put (שִׂים) on loins Gn 37:34 (J), 1 K 20:31, on (bare) flesh 21:27 2 K 6:30, cf. Je 48:37 Jb 16:15 (c. תָּפַר); וְהַעֲלֵיתִי עַל־כָּל־מָתְנַיִם שׂ׳ Am 8:10; usually חָגַר שַק 2 S 3:31 Is 15:3; 22:12, cf. 3:24, Je 4:8; 6:26; 49:3 Ez 7:18; 27:31 1 K 20:32 Jo 1:8 La 2:10; כִּסָּה בַּשּׂ׳ 2 K 19:1, 2 = Is 37:1, 2, Jon 3:6, 8 1 Ch 21:16, fig. of heavens (cf. קָדַר), שׂ׳ אָשִׂים כְּסוּתָם Is 50:3; late לָבַשׁ שׂ׳ put on sackcloth Jon 3:5 Est 4:1, cf. v:2 ψ 35:13; 69:12; בְּצוֹם וְשׂ׳ Ne 9:1, cf. Dn 9:3; פִּתַּח שׂ׳ loosen sackcloth Is 20:2 (+ מֵעַל), ψ 30:12 (opp. שִׂמְחָה), הֵסִיר שׂ׳ מֵעַל Est 4:4. b. same garment (or material) spread out (to lie on), 2 S 21:10 (c. הִטָּה), Is 58:5 (c. הִצִּיעַ), cf. Est 4:3; וַיִּשְׁכַּב בַּשׂ׳ 1 K 21:27, לִינוּ בַּשּׂ׳ Jo 1:13.

σάκκος or σάκος, ὁ, see entry near the end:— coarse cloth of hair, especially of goats' hair, σάκκος τρίχινος LXX+NT __II anything made of this cloth: __II.1 sack, bag, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 sieve, strainer, especially for wine, Refs 6th c.BC+ __II.3 coarse garment, sackcloth, worn as mourning by the Jews, LXX+NT+1st c.AD+ __III coarse beard, like rough hair-cloth, σάκον πρὸς ταῖν γνάθοιν ἔχειν Refs 5th c.BC+ —The form σάκος is said to be Attic dialect, Refs 2nd c.AD+ R., etc.; while σάκκος is called Doric dialect by Refs 6th c.BC+. Inscrr. have σάκος Refs: Papyri have σάκος Refs 3rd c.BC+, but oftener σάκκος Refs 3rd c.BC+, etc. (Prob. the word, like the thing, was borrowed from Phoenicia, cf. Hebrew saq.)

† מַחֲגֹ֫רֶת n.f. a girding, cincture, only cstr.; תַּחַת פְּתִיגִיל מַחֲגֹרֶת שָׂ֑ק Is 3:24 instead of a mantle a girding of sackcloth.