Prayer (Verbal Act)

προσεύχομαι, future -ξομαιRefs 4th c.BC+:—offer prayers or vows, θεοῖς Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 with accusative, π. τὸν θεόν address him in prayer, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 absolutely, offer prayers, worship, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. γλώσσῃ, πνεύματι, νοΐ, NT __II with accusative of things, pray for a thing, νίκην πολέμου Refs 5th c.BC+: c.infinitive, ἕλκειν τὸ βέδυ π. Refs 5th c.BC+; ζῆσαι προσεύχου pray for life, Refs with infinitive, NT; π. ἵνα.., περί τινων ὅπως, NT

[פָּלַל84] vb. prob. intervene, interpose (hence both arbitrate, judge, and intercede, pray, cf. Dr 1 S 2:25; NH פלל (rare), נתפלל, pray, פִּילּוּל act of prayer, פְּלִילָה judicial matter;—otherwise WeHeid. (2), 126 who conj. der. for הִתְפַּלֵּל from Arabic فَلَّ notch edge (of sword, etc.), i.e. cut oneself in worship);— †Pi. mediate, judge: Pf. 3 ms. consec., arbitrate, sf. וּפִלְלוֹ 1 S 2:25 (but read prob. 3 pl. וּפִלְלוּ We Dr al., word-play with יִתְפ׳ foll.); 2 fs. פִּלַּלְתְּ Ez 16:52 mediate for (ל pers.) viz., through thine own sins; 1 s. פִּלָּ֑לְתִּי Gn 48:11 (E; poss. denom. from פליל) I did not judge (have the opinion, expect) to see, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. וַיְפַלֵּל ψ 106:30 (abs.) he interposed (by slaying offender). Hithp.80 Pf. 3 ms. הִתְפַּלֵּל 1 K 8:42; 1 s. הִתְפַּלָּ֑לְתִּי 1 S 1:27, etc.; Impf. יִתְפַּלֵּל ψ 32:6 +; יִתְפַּלֶּל־ 1 S 2:25; 1 s. אֶתְפַּלָּ֑ל ψ 5:3, etc.; ei. הִתְפַּלֵּל Nu 21:7 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. הִתְפַּלֵּל Ez 10:1 +, etc.; Pt. מִתְפַּלֵּל Je 42:4 +, etc.;— 1. specif. intercede (with י׳), c. בעד, on behalf of Gn 20:7 Nu 21:7 (E) Dt 9:20; 1 S 12:23 + 6 times; c. לְ, 1 S 2:25; אֶל־יהוה Nu 11:2; 21:7 (JE) Dt 9:26; c. בעד + אל־יהוה 1 S 7:5; Je 29:7 + 4 times; אל־האלהים Gn 20:17 (E); c. על for pers. 2 Ch 30:18 Jb 42:8. 2. gen. pray, c. אֶל, unto idol Is 44:17; 45:20; unto Israel v 14; בוֹא אל־מקדשׁ להתפ׳ 16:12. 3. pray (to י׳), abs. 1 K 8:33; 2 K 6:17; Ezr 10:1; Dn 9:20; 2 Ch 6:24; 7:1, 14, c. אֶל־י׳ 1 S 1:26; 8:6; 2 K 4:33; 6:18; 20:2 = Is 38:2 = 2 Ch 32:24, + 10 times; הִתְפ׳ תפלה אֶל־י׳ 2 S 7:27;s 1 K 8:54; על יהוה 1 S 1:10 (read אֶל); לִפְנֵי 1 S 1:12; 1 K 8:28 + 5 times; c. לְ Dn 9:4; c. אֶל of thing prayed for 1 S 1:27; c. אֶל against 2 K 19:20 = Is 37:21 (read עַל); עַל־זֹאת because of this 2 Ch 32:20 ψ 32:6; c. אֶל loc.: אֶל־הַמָּקוֹם 1 K 8:29, 30, 35 = 2 Ch 6:20, 21, 26; אֶל־הַבַּית 1 K 8:42 = 2 Ch 6:32; c. acc. דֶּרֶךְ הָעִיר 1 K 8:44 = 2 Ch 6:34; דֶּרֶךְ אַרְצָם 1 K 8:48 = 2 Ch 6:38. 4. of poetical, liturgical prayer, abs. 1 S 2:1, c. אֶל Jon 2:2.

† I. [עָתַר] vb. pray, supplicate (always to God) (cf. Arabic عَتَرَ slaughter for sacrifice De Gn (4) 381 WeSkizzen iii. 115, 166; Heid.(2), 118, 142; RSSem i. 210 f.; 2nd ed., 227 f.);— Qal Impf. 3 ms. וַיֶּעְתַּר לי׳ Gn 25:21, אֶל־י׳ Ex 8:26; 10:18 Ju 13:8; יֶעְתַּר אֶל־אֱלוֹהַּ Jb 33:26. Niph. be supplicated, entreated (and grant entreaty; always of God), usually c. ל of worshipper (v. ל 5 d): Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְנֶעְתַּר לָהֶם Is 19:22; Impf. 3 ms. וַיֵּעָ֫תֶר לוֹ Gn 25:21 2 Ch 33:13, וַיֵּעָתֵר לָנוּ Ezr 8:23; c. לָאָרֶץ for the land 2 S 21:14; 24:25; Inf. abs. וְנִעְתּוֹר לָהֶם 1 Ch 5:20; cstr. (as subst.) הֵעָתֶר־לוֹ 2 Ch 33:19. Hiph. = Qal, make supplication, c. אֶל, לְ: Pf. וְהַעְתַּרְתִּ֫י אֶל־י׳ Ex 8:25; Impf. 2 ms. תַּעְתִּיר אֵלָיו Jb 22:27; Imv. mpl. הַעְתִּירוּ אֶל־י׳ Ex 8:4; 9:28, לי׳ 10:17; also c. ל pers. in behalf of whom, Impf. 1 s. אַעְתִּיר לְךָ Ex 8:5, so Imv. הַעְתִּירוּ, c. בַּעֲדִי v 24.

εὔχομαι, imperfect εὐχόμην (Attic dialect ηὐ-) Refs 8th c.BC+: future εὔξομαι Refs 5th c.BC+aorist 1 εὐξάμην (Attic dialect ηὐ-) Refs 8th c.BC+: 2nd pers. singular subjunctive εὔξεαι Refs 8th c.BC+- only Attic dialectaccusative to Hdn.Refs 2nd c.AD+: —pray, θεοῖς Refs 8th c.BC+; εὐχὰς ὑπέρ τινος πρὸς τοὺς θεοὺς εὔ. Refs 4th c.BC+; εὔ. ἔπος to utter it in prayer, Refs 5th c.BC+; μεγάλα, μέγα εὔ., pray aloud, Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 with accusative et infinitive, pray that, Refs 8th c.BC+; of an unrealizable wish Refs 4th c.BC+: with infinitive alone, εὔ. θάνατον φυγεῖν Refs 8th c.BC+; τί δοκέεις εὔχεσθαι ἄλλο ἢ.. λαβεῖ; Refs 5th c.BC+; τοῖς θεοῖς with accusative et infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+; also εὔ. τοὺς θεοὺς δοῦναί μοι pray that the gods may give, Refs 5th c.BC+; later εὔ. ἵναRefs 1st c.BC+ __3 with accusative object, pray for, long or wish for, χρυσόν Refs 5th c.BC+; εὔ. τινί τι pray for something for a person, Refs 5th c.BC+; also, pray for a thing from.., τοῖς θεοῖς πολλὰ ἀγαθὰ ὑπέρ τινος Refs 5th c.BC+; τοῖς θεοῖς πολυκαρπίανRefs 2nd c.AD+ __II vow or promise to do.., with future infinitive, εὔχομαι ἐξελάαν κύνας Refs 8th c.BC+aorist infinitive, εὔχετο πάντ᾽ ἀποδοῦναι claimed (the right) to pay in full, Refs 8th c.BC+present infinitive, ηὔξω θεοῖς.. ἂν ὧδ᾽ ἔρδειν τάδ; Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 with accusative of things, vow a thing, πολλῶν πατησμὸν εἱμάτων Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 εὔ. κατά τινος of the thing vowed (as though on the altar), εὔ. τοῖς θεοῖς κατὰ ἑκατόμβης Refs 4th c.BC+ __III profess loudly, boast, vaunt, οὕτω φησὶ καὶ εὔχεται, οὕνεκ᾽ Ἀχιλλεὺς νηυσὶν ἔπι γλαφυρῇσι μένει Refs 8th c.BC+: mostly, not of empty boasting, but of something of which one has a right to be proud, ταύτης τοι γενεῆς τε καὶ αἵματος εὔχομαι εἶναι Refs 8th c.BC+infinitive, ἐκ Κρητάων γένος εὔχομαι (i.e. εἶναι) Refs 8th c.BC+; πόρτις εὔχεται βοός (i.e. εἶναι) Refs 5th c.BC+; but also, __III.2 boast vainlv, brag, εὔχεαι αὔτως Refs 8th c.BC+: with infinitive, εὔ. δῃώσειν Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.3 simply, profess or declare, ἱκέτης δέ τοι εὔ. εἶναι Refs 8th c.BC+; τίς χθὼν εὔχεται ἥδε [εἶναι]; Refs 3rd c.BC+ __IV passive, ἐμοὶ μετρίως ηὖκται I have prayed sufficiently, Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect infinitive, ταῦτα μὲν ηὖχθαι Refs 4th c.BC+; ἡ πανήγυρις ἡ.. εὐχθεῖσα vowed, Refs 2nd c.AD+pluperfect (or non-thematic preterite) ηὔγμην in active sense, Refs 5th c.BC+. (Cf. Sanskrit óhate 'to (be able to) boast that one is', 'to brag', Avest. aog- 'declare solemnly'.)

† [צְלָא] vb. Pa. pray (orig. bow in prayer) (𝔗 id., bow, Pa, pray, so Syriac ܨܠܴܐ and Pa.; Assyrian ṣullû, entreat (appar. not of prayer to gods ZimKAT3. 610 f.); Arabic صَلًا middle of the back, صلا ii. pray, Ethiopic ጸለወ bow, ጸለየ pray; Sab. צלות shrine HomChr 125; AA 185);—Pt. מְצַלֵּא Dn 6:11 (abs.); pl. מְצַלַּ֫יִן (K§ 47 a)) Ezr 6:10 (c. ל in behalf of).