Potter and Forming

† יָצַר vb. form, fashion (NH in pt. יוֹצֵר potter, creator, and deriv.; Ph. יצר potter; 𝔗 יצר; Syriac ܝܰܨܪܳܐ = יֵצֶר, etc.; Arabic وِصْرٌ covenant, contract; Assyrian êṣêru, as Heb., DlHWB 309)— Qal Pf. י׳ Is 44:10; יָצָ֑ר Gn 2:8; sf. יְצָרָהּ Is 45:18; 2 m. יָצַרְתָּ ψ 104:26 + 8 times Pf.; Impf. 3 m. וַיִּ֫יצֶר Gn 2:7; וַיִּצֶ֫ר v 19; sf. יִצְּרֵהוּ Is 44:12; 1 s. sf. אֶצָּו֯רְךָ Je 1:5; Pt. יוֹצֵר Is 41:25 + 20 times; יֹצֵר 45:18 + 6 times; sf. יֹצְרִי 49:5 + 11 times sf.; pl. יוֹצְרִים 30:14 1 Ch 4:23; cstr. יֹצְרֵי Is 44:9;— 1. of human activity: a. of a potter who forms out of clay a vessel Is 29:16; 41:25 Je 18:4(×2), 6(×2) 1 Ch 4:23 La 4:2 Zc 11:13(×2) (these last two according to Thes SS et al. error for אוֹצָר); כְּלִי (ה)י׳ potter’s vessel 2 S 17:28 ψ 2:9 Je 19:11; חֹמֶר הי׳ potter’s clay Is 29:16; נֵבֶל י׳ 30:14; בַּקְבֻּק י׳ Je 19:1; בית הי׳ 18:2, 3. b. of a carver of wood, graven images Is 44:9, 10, 12 Hb 2:18(×2). c. frame, devise in the mind י׳ עָמָל ψ 94:20. 2. of divine activity: a. (as a potter) forming Adam out of עפר from אדמה Gn 2:7, 8 (J), beasts and birds, also from אדמה v 19 (J); Israel as a people Is 27:11; 43:1, 21; 44:21; 45:9(×2), 11; 64:7, even from the womb 44:2, 24; the servant of Yahweh from the womb 49:5; of the formation of the individual man 43:7; Jeremiah in the womb Je 1:5; the eye of man ψ 94:9; the locust Am 7:1; Leviathan ψ 104:26; the dry land 95:5; the earth Is 45:18(×2); the mountains Am 4:13; הַכֹּל Je 10:16 = 51:19. Fig. perhaps lost sight of in some of the above, and quite certainly in the forming of light Is 45:7, of summer and winter ψ 74:17, the רוּחַ of man Zc 12:1, and the לב of men ψ 33:15. b. fig. for frame, pre-ordain, plan (in divine purpose), of a situation מֵרָחוֹק Is 22:11; of an occurrence מִימֵי קֶדֶם 37:26 = 2 K 19:25; יָצַרְתִּי אַף אֶעֱשֶׂנָּה I have planned, I will also do it 46:11; י׳ רעה על Je 18:11; י׳ לַהֲכִינָהּ devised it to establish it 33:2. Niph. Pf. לְפָנַי לֹא־נוֹצַר אֵל Is 43:10 before me a god was not formed (created). Pu. Pf. יָמִים יֻצָּ֑רוּ days (that) were pre-ordained (in the divine purpose) ψ 139:16 (cf. Qal, 2 b). Hoph. Impf. כָּל־כְּלִי יוּצַר עָלַיִךְ לֹא יִצְלָ֑ח Is 54:17 any weapon that is formed against thee will not prosper.

† I. יֵ֫צֶר n.m. Is 26:3 form, framing, purpose;—י׳ Gn 6:5 + 5 times; יִצְרוֹ Dt 31:21 Hb 2:18; יִצְרֵנוּ ψ 103:14;— 1. pottery, formed by the potter Is 29:16. 2. form of a graven image Hb 2:18. 3. form of man as made of the dust ψ 103:14. 4. of what is framed in the mind (cf. יָצַר 1 c, 2 b), imagination, device, purpose: יצר מחשׁב(ו)ת לב(ב) Gn 6:5 (J), 1 Ch 29:18; י׳ מחשׁבות 28:9; י׳ לב Gn 8:21 (J); יֵצֶר alone Dt 31:21 (J); יֵצֶר סָמוּךְ Is 26:3 a stedfast purpose (or frame of mind). (In NH יֵצֶר is common in sense of impulse: יצר הטוב and יצר הרע of good and bad tendency in man.)

κερᾰμ-εύς, έως, ὁ, potter, ὡς ὅτε τις τροχὸν.. κεραμεὺς πειρήσεται Refs 8th c.BC+; οἱ κ., a guild at Thyatira, Refs 8th c.BC+; κεραμέως πλοῦτος and κεραμεὺς ἅνθρωπος, proverbial, of anything frail and uncertain, Refs 4th c.AD+ __II Κεραμεῖς, Attic dialect Κεραμῆς, οἱ, name of an Attic deme, Refs 5th c.BC+

πλάσσω, Attic dialect πλάττω Refs 5th c.BC+future πλάσω (ἀνα-) Refs 5th c.BC+:aorist ἔπλᾰσα Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect πλάσσα Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect πέπλᾰκα Refs 1st c.BC+: 3rd.pers. singular pluperfect ἐπεπλάκει Refs 1st c.AD+: —middle, future πλάσομαι Refs 4th c.AD+: aorist ἐπλασάμην Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, future πλασθήσομαι Refs 1st c.BC+: aorist ἐπλάσθην Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect πέπλασμαι Refs 4th c.BC+:—form, mould, properly of the artist who works in soft substances, such as earth, clay, wax, ἐκ γαίης π. Refs 8th c.BC+; of Prometheus, ὃν λέγουσ᾽ ἡμᾶς πλάσαι καὶ τἄλλα.. ζῷα Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to γράφειν, as sculpture to painting, Refs 5th c.BC+ (so in passive, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὴν ὑδριαν πλάσαι mould the water-jar, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. κηρία, of bees, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἔπλαττεν ἔνδον οἰκίας made clay houses, Refs 5th c.BC+; knead bread, Refs 2nd c.AD+ —middle, σχῆμα πλασάμενος having formed oneself a figure, Refs 5th c.BC+:— passive, to be moulded, made, τὸ δὲ ἐν τῇσι μήτρῃσι πλάσσεται Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 plaster, τὸν.. ναὸν χρίσαντες καὶ πλάσαντες Refs __II generally, mould, form by education, training, etc., π. τὰς ψυχὰς τοῖς μύθοις, τὰ σώματα ταῖς χερσίν, Refs 5th c.BC+; παιδεύειν τε καὶ π. Refs:—passive, τοὔνομ᾽ ἀνὰ χρόνον πεπλασμένον Refs 5th c.BC+; of the voice, to be trained, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III form an image of a thing in the mind, imagine, πλάττομεν οὔτε ἰδόντες οὔτε.. νοήσαντες ἀθάνατόν τι ζῷον Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive Refs __IV put in a certain form, τὸ στόμα π. (so as to pronounce more elegantly) Refs 5th c.BC+; [κόμιον] Refs 1st c.AD+ —middle, ἀδήλως τῇ ὄψει πλυσάμενος πρὸς τὴν ξυμφοράν having formed himself in face, i.e. composed his countenance, Refs 5th c.BC+ __V metaphorically, fabricate, forge, λόγους ψιθύρους πλάσσων Refs 5th c.BC+; τί λόγους πλάττει; Refs 5th c.BC+ I shall be thought to speak from invention, i.e. not the truth, Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, πλάσασθαι τὸν τρόπον τὸν αὑτοῦ Refs 5th c.BC+; προφάσεις π. Refs 4th c.BC+infinitive, Νέρων εἶναι πλασάμενος pretending to be N., Refs 2nd c.AD+ —passive, οὐ πεπλασμένος ὁ κόμπος not fictitious, Refs 4th c.BC+; πεπλάσθαι φάσκοντες saying it was a forgery, Refs 5th c.BC+

συστέλλω, draw together: shorten sail, συστείλας ἄκροισι χρώμενος τοῖς ἱστίοις Refs 5th c.BC+; draw in, contract, of the mouth, Refs 5th c.BC+; σ. ἑαυτόν, of a snake, Refs 4th c.BC+; σ. τὸ πρόσωπον, so as to express disgust, Refs 2nd c.AD+; of soldiers, σ. τινὰς εἰς τὸ τεῖχος, εἴσω τοῦ χάρακος ἑαυτούς, Refs 1st c.AD+:— passive, contract oneself, draw in, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰς τρίβωνα ῥᾳδίως συστέλλομαιRefs 4th c.BC+; βραχίονας καὶ καρποὺς.. ἐν τοῖς συνεσταλμένοις ἀποδεσμεύειν at the narrow parts, Refs 2nd c.AD+; -όμεναι ὥσπερ ὄρνιθες gathering together, Refs 1st c.AD+; compare συνεσταλμένως. __2 contract, reduce, τὴν τῶν βασιλέων γένεσιν εἰς τὸ μέτριον Refs 5th c.BC+; ἁμαρτήματα ὡς εἰς ἐλάχιστα σ. Refs 4th c.BC+:—passive, draw cowering together, συσταλέντες.. σιγῇ καθήμεθ᾽ Refs 5th c.BC+; τῇ διαίτῃ συνεστάλθαι to be moderate, Refs 5th c.BC+; ξ. ἐς εὐτέλειαν retrench expenses, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2.b deprive of all food and drink, συστέλλειν, εἰ δὲ μὴ ἀντέχοι τις, ἐπ᾽ ὀλιγοσιτίας καὶ ὑδροποσίας τηρεῖν Refs 2nd c.AD+ __3 humble, abase, τά τοι μέγιστα πολλάκις θεὸς.. συνέστειλεν Refs 5th c.BC+; ταπεινοῦντα καὶ σ. Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἐξαίρω, Refs 1st c.BC+; depress (opposed to διαχέω, ἀνίημι), διάνοιαν Refs 3rd c.AD+:— passive, to be lowered or cast down, συνέσταλμαι κακοῖς Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 σ. λέξιν lower it, make it mean, Refs 2nd c.AD+; pronounce a syllable short, opposed to ἐκτείνω, Refs 1st c.BC+; δίχρονα συνεσταλμένα doubtful vowels when shortened, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __5 [ὀνόματα] συστέλλεται ἐκ τῆς πολλῆς ποιότητος τῇ παραθέσει τοῦ ἄρθρου are reduced or restricted out of their generality, Refs __II wrap closely up, shroud, οὐ δάμαρτος ἐν χεροῖν πέπλοις συνεστάλησαν Refs 5th c.BC+ —middle, ξυστειλάμεναι θαἰμάτια wrapping our cloaks close round us, Refs 5th c.BC+; συστέλλου σεαυτήν gird up your loins, get ready for action, Refs; ξυστᾰλείς tucked up, ready for action, Refs __II.2 cloak, συνέστελλε καὶ συνέκρυπτεν.. τὴν δυσμένειαν Refs 1st c.AD+

† II. [עָצַב] vb. Pi. shape, fashion (NH Pi. stretch child into shape; BuhlLex cp. عَضَبَ cut, cut off [whence idea of carving, fashioning]);— Pi. Pf. יָדֶיךָ עִצְּבוּנִי וַיַּעֲשׂוּנִי Jb 10:8 thy hands shaped me, etc. Hiph. Inf. cstr. לְהַעֲצִבָה Je 44:19, but rd. -בָהּ, to fashion her, i.e. make images of her (poss. denom. from עָצָב).

† קִפָּאוֹן n.[m.] congelation;—Zc 14:6 Qr [> Kt v. √ Qal Impf.], so 𝔊 𝔖 Symm We Now (with other change, but see GASm), v. יָקָר.

μορφ-όω, give shape or form to, γυναικῶν σώματα μορφώσαντες καὶ ὁπλίσαντες ὡς ἐς ἄνδρας μάλιστα Refs 4th c.BC+:—passive, receive shape or form, NT+4th c.BC+

πλάσμα, ατος, τό, anything formed or moulded, image, figure, πλάσματα πηλοῦ Refs 5th c.BC+; κήρινον.. οὐκ οἶδ᾽ ὅ τι π. as it were a piece of wax-work, Refs 5th c.BC+; of figures made by bakers, Refs 4th c.BC+: plural, cakes of incense, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __b the body, as fashioned by the Creator, Refs __II counterfeit, forgery, π. ὅλον ἐστὶν ἡ διαθήκη Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.b figment, fiction, πλάσματα τῶν προτέρων Refs 6th c.BC+; of a story which is fictitious but possible, opposed to ἱστορία Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.c pretence, Refs 1st c.BC+ __II.2 delusion, Refs 1st c.BC+ __III formed style in writing or speaking, π. καὶ τὴν ἄλλην κατασκευὴν δημηγόρου Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡνίκ᾽ ἂν ᾖ ποιητικὸν τοῦ λόγου τὸ π. Refs 3rd c.AD+ __III.2 in music, affected execution, with trills, falsetto, etc., μετὰ πλάσματος αὐλεῖν, opposed to ἀπλάστως, Refs 4th c.BC+; of studied intonation in orators or actors, π. φωνῆς ἀθόρυβον Refs 1st c.AD+; lectio plasmate effeminata, Refs 1st c.AD+

† פֶּחָר n.m. potter (= paḫḫâr, 𝔗 פַּחָר (also clay), Syriac ܦܰܚܳܪܳܐ; prob. loan-wd. from Assyrian paḫâru, potter, cf. Brock ZimBuhl);—abs. פ׳ Dn 2:41.

† IV. [צוּר] vb. fashion, delineate (NH id.; so Aramaic צוּר, ܨܘܪ, ܨܳܪ; ܨܽܘܪܬܳܐ picture, Sab. צור, pl. צורת HomChrest. 125 MordtmHim. Inschr. 14, 15; Arabic صُورَةٌ is loan-word according to Fra272);— Qal Pf. 2 ms. וְצַרְתָּ֫ Ez 43:11 (for MT צוּרַת) according to 𝔊 We Sm Co Toy Berthol Krae, and thou shalt delineate the house (cf. הַגֵּד v 10, הוֹדַע וּכְתֹב v 11); Impf. 3 ms. וַיָּ֫צַר אֹתוֹ בַּחֶרֶט Ex 32:4 (E) and fashioned it [the gold] with a graving-tool; וַיָּ֫צַר אֶת־שְׁנֵי הָעַמּוּדִים 1 K 7:15 (+ acc. mater.), read וַיִּצֹּק (יצק), so 𝔊 SS Kit Benz cf. Th; 1 s. sf. אצורך Je 1:5 Kt, v. יָצַר" dir="rtl" >יצר.