Oaths and Swearing

† אָלָה n.f. oath Gn 26:28 +; sf. אָלָתִי, אָלָתוֹ Gn 24:41 + (4 times); pl. אָלוֹת Dt 29:20 + (4 times) 1. oath in testimony Lv 5:1 Nu 5:21(×2) (P) Pr 29:24; בא באלה come into an oath Ne 10:30; הביא באלה bring into an oath Ez 17:13; נשׂא אלה 1 K 8:31 (= 2 Ch 6:22). 2. oath of covenant Gn 24:41(×2); 26:28 (J) Dt 29:11, 13; בזה אלה despise an oath Ez 16:59; 17:16, 18, 19. 3. curse (a) from God Nu 5:23 (P) Dt 29:18, 19, 20; 30:7 2 Ch 34:24 Is 24:6 Je 23:10 Dn 9:11 Zc 5:3; (b) from men Jb 31:30 ψ 10:7; 59:13. 4. execration in the phrase היה לאלה become an execration Nu 5:27 (P) Je 29:18; 42:18; 44:12.

† שְׁבוּעָה, שְׁבֻעָה n.f. (Jos 2:17 read הַזּה AlbrZAW xvi (1896), 116) oath, curse;—abs. שְׁבוּ׳ Jos 9:20 +, שְׁבֻ׳ Gn 26:3 +; cstr. שְׁבֻעַת Ex 22:10 +; sf. שְׁבֻעָתִי Gn 24:8, etc.; pl. שְׁבֻעוֹת abs. Ez 21:28, cstr. Hb 3:9 [Je 5:24 Ez 45:21 v. שָׁבוּעַ" dir="rtl" >שָׁבוּעַ];—oath [as acc. cogn. c. הִשָּׁבַע etc. Nu 30:3 + (in rel. cl.) 5 times]: 1. of man: a. attesting innocence Ex 22:10 (E), friendship 2 S 21:7, promise 1 K 2:43 (after שָׁמַר keep; all שְׁבֻעַת י׳ oath to י׳); innocence also Nu 5:21 a; friendship Ne 6:18 (בַּעֲלֵי שׁ׳ לוֹ), promise Lv 5:4; of vow (‖ נדר) Nu 30:3, 11, 14 (שְׁבֻעַת אִסָּר), Jos 9:20 (all P), Ne 10:30 (‖ אָלָה), Ec 9:2, of covenant with י׳ 2 Ch 15:15, שְׁבוּעַת אֱלֹהִים Ec 8:2 (prob. of oath of allegiance to king), שְׁבֻעַת שֶׁקֶר Zc 8:17; of threat Ju 21:5; 1 S 14:26 (𝔊 שְׁבֻעַת י׳); keep, discharge the oath is הֵקִים הַשּׁ׳ Gn 26:3 (J), Je 11:5; נָקָה מִשּׁ׳ be free, exempt from an oath Gn 24:8 (J), cf. Jos 2:17, 20 b. = curse, Is 65:15 and (‖ אָלָה) Nu 5:21 (P), Dn 9:11. 2. oath of י׳, in promise, Dt 7:8 (שָׁמַר in rel. cl.), ‖ covenant (בְּרִית), שְׁבוּעָתוֹ לְיִצְחָק ψ 105:9 = 1 Ch 16:16.—שְׁבֻעוֹת מַטּוֹת Hb 3:9 very dub.: AV oaths of the tribes; oaths, rods of the word, Hi-St.; sworn (pt. pass. שָׁבַע) were the rods (= chastisements) of (thy) word, Ges Hi RVm; heptads of spears Ew, cf. Da; text prob. currupt, Now proposes (אַשְׁפָּֽתְךָ) שִׂבַּעְתָּ מַטּוֹת thou hast sated with shafts thy quiver; Marti (after 𝔊Codd.) thy bow was satiated with shafts Ez 21:28 v. √.

ὅρκος, ὁ, the object by which one swears, as the Styx among the gods, Στυγὸς ὕδωρ, ὅς τε μέγιστος ὅ. δεινότατός τε πέλει μακάρεσσι θεοῖσι Refs 8th c.BC+; or as Zeus among mortals, Refs 5th c.BC+; so of things, ὅρκον δ᾽ ἐνοσφίσθης μέγαν, ἅλας τε καὶ τράπεζαν Refs 7th c.BC+ __2 oath, mostly with epithet μέγας, καρτερός, Refs 8th c.BC+, etc.; θεῶν ὅ. an oath by the gods, Refs 8th c.BC+; ὅ. πλατύς a firm-based oath, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅρκον ὀμόσαι swear an oath, ὄμοσέν τε τελεύτησέν τε τὸν ὅ. Refs 8th c.BC+; ὅ. ἐπιορκῆσαι take a false oath, Refs 4th c.BC+; ὅρκου προστεθέντος when an oath is added, Refs 5th c.BC+; δαίμονι τῷ Πλεισθενιδῶν ὅρκους θεμένη having made a sworn compact with.., Refs 5th c.BC+; of the person demanding the oath, ὅ. ἑλέσθαι τινός or τινί take it of him, i.e. make him swear, Refs 8th c.BC+; ὅρκους ἐπελάσαι and προσάγειν τινί lay oath upon a man, put him on his oath, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸν ὅ... ἐπάγειν.. Ὀποντίοις readminister the oath, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅρκους δοὺς καὶ δεξάμενος after tendering his oath to them and accepting theirs, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀποδοῦναι take it oneself, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἀπολαμβάνειν administer or tender it, Refs 4th c.BC+; ὅρκους καὶ πίστιν ἀλλήλοις δότε swear to one another, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅρκοις καταλαβὼν τὰ τέλη having bound the authorities by oaths, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅρκῳ ἐμμένειν abide by it, Refs 5th c.BC+ aorist, present, or future infinitive may refer to future time, ὤμοσα καρτερὸν ὅ., μὴ.. ἀναφῆναι Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐμεῦ δ᾽ ἕλετο μέγαν ὅ., μὴ πρὶν σοὶ ἐρέεινRefs 8th c.BC+; εἶπαι ἐπ᾽ ὅρκου say on oath, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II Ὅρκος, personified, son of Eris, Refs 8th c.BC+; a divinity who punishes the false and perjured,Refs 5th c.BC+; Διὸς Ὅ., as servant of Zeus, Refs 5th c.BC+

† II. אָלָה vb. swear, curse (cf. I. אלה? so Thes LagOr ii. 3)— Qal Pf. 1 K 8:31 (= 2 Ch 6:22 all Vrss Th Bö Bä Kp reading וְאָלָה); אָלִית Ju 17:2; Inf. abs. אָלֹה Ho 4:2; אָלוֹת Ho 10:4. 1. swear, take oath before God 1 K 8:31 (= 2 Ch 6:22); in covenants Ho 4:2; 10:4 (falsely). 2. curse Ju 17:2. Hiph. Impf. וַיֹּ֫אֶ֗ל 1 S 14:24; Inf. לְהַאֲלֹתוֹ 1 K 8:31 = 2 Ch 6:22 adjure, put under oath.

ὁρκ-ωμοσία, ἡ, swearing, oath, LXX+NT+2nd c.AD+

ὁρκ-ίζω, Doric dialect future ὁρκιξέω Refs 4th c.BC+, make one swear, administer an oath to a person, τιν; rejected by Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ. ἐφ᾽ ᾧ ἔσται Refs 2nd c.BC+: with double accusative, ὁ. τινὰς ὅρκον Refs 2nd c.BC+; ὁ. τινά, with infinitive, LXX; adjure, δαίμονας, with infinitive, LXX+NT+5th c.AD+:—passive, to be sworn, ὡρκισμένοι νόμῳ ἰητρικῷ Refs 5th c.BC+

ἐξορκ-ίζω, ={ἐξορκόω}, Refs 4th c.BC+, etc.: with double accusative, Refs 3rd c.BC+ —passive Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 conjure, ἐ. σε κύριον τὸν θεόν LXX+NT __II exorcise an evil spirit, Refs

ἐπιορκ-έω, also ἐφιορκέω Refs 3rd c.BC+, etc.: future -ήσω Refs 8th c.BC+: aorist ἐπιώρκησα Refs, infinitive -ορκῆσαι Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect ἐπιώρκηκα Refs:—swear falsely, forswear oneself, οὐδ᾽ ἐπιορκήσω πρὸς δαίμονος 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.188: also, c.accusative, of things sworn by, τὰς βασιληΐας ἱστίας ἐπιώρκηκε has sworn falsely by the royal hearth, Refs 5th c.BC+; [θεούς] Refs 4th c.BC+; opposed to εὐορκέω, Legal cited in Refs __II. simply, ={ὄμνυμι}, swear, Refs