Last and Final

ἔσχᾰτος, η, ον, also ος, ον Refs 4th c.BC+(probably from ἐκ, ἐξ, perhaps eĝhzκατος (compare ἐχθός) like{ἔγ-κατα}): __I of Space, as always in Refs 8th c.BC+, farthest, uttermost, extreme, θάλαμος ἔ. the hindmost chamber, Refs 8th c.BC+at the end of the lines, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἔσχατοι ἀνδρῶν, of the Aethiopians, Refs 8th c.BC+; τάξις ἐ. the farthest part of the army, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐξ ἐσχάτων ἐς ἔσχατα ἀπικέσθαι from end to end, Refs 5th c.BC+:—in various senses, uppermost, ἐ. πυρά Refs 5th c.BC+; lowest, deepest, ἀΐδας Refs 3rd c.BC+; innermost, σάρκες Refs 5th c.BC+; last, hindmost, ἤλαυνε δ᾽ ἔ. Refs; ἐπ᾽ ἐσχάτῳ at the close of a document, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __I.2 of Degree, uttermost, highest, τὸ ἔ. κορυφοῦται βασιλεῦσι Refs 5th c.BC+; of misfortunes, sufferings, etc., utmost, last, worst, πόνος, ἀδικία, κίνδυνοι, Refs 5th c.BC+; δῆμος ἔ. extreme democracy, Refs 4th c.BC+ __I.2.b substantive, τὸ ἔ., τὰ ἔ., the utmost, ἐς τὸ ἔ. κακοῦ ἀπιγμένοι Refs 5th c.BC+; ζημιοῦσθαι πᾶσι τοῖς ἐ., Latin extremis suppliciis, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔσχατ᾽ ἐσχάτων κακά worst of possible evils, Refs 5th c.BC+: comparative οὔτε γὰρ τοῦ ἐσχάτου -ώτερον εἴη ἄν τι Refs 4th c.BC+ falsa lectio in Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.3 of Persons, lowest, meanest, Refs 1st c.BC+ i.e. the meanest of mankind,Refs 5th c.BC+ it seems to mean the remotest of mankind, compare πρὸς ἐσχάτην Μυσῶν variant in Refs 1st c.AD+ __I.4 of Time, last, ἐς τὸ ἔ. to the end, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔ. πλόος, ναυτιλίαι, the end of it, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐσχάτας ὑπὲρ ῥίζας over the last scion of the race, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔ. Ἑλλήνων, Ῥωμαίων, Refs 1st c.AD+ as adverb, for the last time, Refs 5th c.BC+; finally, best of all, NT; at the latest, ἔ. ἐν τρισὶ μησίν Refs 4th c.BC+; εἰς τὴν ἐσχάτην at the last, LXX; ἐπ᾽ ἐσχάτῳLXX substantive ἐσχάτη, ἡ, end, οὐχ ἕξεις ἐ. καλήν Refs 2nd c.AD+ __I.5 in the Logic of Refs 4th c.BC+ are the last or lowest species, Refsindividuals, Refs __I.5.b ὁ ἔ. ὅρος the minor term of a syllogism, Refs __I.5.c last step in geometrical analysis or ultimate condition of action, τὸ ἔ. ἀρχὴ τῆς πράξεως Refs __II adverb -τως to the uttermost, exceedingly, πῦρ ἐ. καίει Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.b -τως διακεῖσθαι to be at the last extremity, NT+2nd c.BC+ __II.2 so ἐς τὸ ἔ.,=ἐσχάτως, Refs 5th c.BC+finally, in the end, Refs 5th c.BC+; but, τὸ ἔ. what is worst of all, Refs

אַחֲרוֹן51 f. אַחֲרוֹנָה, pl. אַחֲרֹנִים (also אַחֲרוֹנִים), adj. from אַחַר, coming after or behind (as a compar. or superl., according to the context); hence a. of place, behind, hindermost Gn 33:2(×2); הַיָּם הָאַחֲרוֹן the hinder (= the Western) sea (i.e. the Mediterranean: opp. הַיָּם הַקַּדְמוֹנִי the front sea = the Dead Sea, the Semites, in defining the quarters of the heavens, turning naturally to the East, cf. קֶדֶם of the East, יָמִין, תֵּימָן of the South, above sv. אָחוֹר d. and Assyrian mat aḫarru ‘the Western land,’ of Phœnicia & Palestine) †Dt 11:24; 34:2 Jo 2:20 Zc 14:8; Jb 18:20 poet. אַחֲרֹנִים Ew Hi Di De the dwellers in the West (opp. קַדְמוֹנִים). More commonly b. of time, latter or last (according to context) Ex 4:8 Dt 24:3 2 S 19:12 Is 8:23, of God Is 44:6 (‖ רִאשׁוֹן) 48:12 (do.) cf. 41:4; in genl. subsequent (vaguely), יוֹם א׳ = time to come †Is 30:8 Pr 31:25 (but Ne 8:18 הַיּוֹם הָאַ׳ = the last day), (הַ)דּוֹר (הָ)אַ׳ the following generation †Dt 29:21 ψ 48:14; 78:4, 6; 102:19, (הָ)אַחֲרֹנִים they that come after Jb 18:20 (GesSchl) Ec 1:11; 4:16, but Is 41:4 the last, Jb 19:25 וְאַחֲרוֹן עַל־עָפָר יָקוּם and as one coming after (me) (and so able to establish my innocence when I am dead) will he (גֹּֽאֲלִי my Vindicator) arise upon the dust.—The fem. is used adverbially (cf. רִאשֹׁנָה) = afterwards or at the last (acc. to context): (α) absol. †Dan 11:29; (β,) בָּאַחֲרוֹנָה (opp. בָּרִאשֹׁנָה) †Dt 13:10; 17:7 1 S 29:2 2 S 2:26 1 K 17:13 Dn 8:3; (γ) לָאַ׳ †Nu 2:31 (P) Ec 1:11.

אָחוֹר41 subst. (Arabic أُخُرٌ) the hinder side, back part, in the sg., mostly in adverbial phrases:— a. as accus., in poetry backwards 23 times (= prose אֲחֹרַנִּית) with vbs. such as נָפַל fall Gn 49:17, נָשׂוֹג be turned 2 S 1:22 (‖ תָּשׁוּב רֵיקָם), שׁוּן ψ 9:4; 56:10 +, נָסוֹג 35:4; 40:15 + (of enemies repulsed), 44:19 Is 50:5 (from obedience to God), נָזוֹר Is 1:4, הֵשִׁיב 44:25 ψ 44:11, הִכָּה 78:66; behind (opp. קֶדֶם) ψ 139:5 Jb 23:8; in the phrase פָּנִים וְאָחוֹר in front and behind †1 Ch 19:10 (altered from מִפָּ׳ וּמֵאָ׳ in 2 S v. infr.) 2 Ch 13:14 Ez 2:10. b. בְּאָחוֹר †Pr 29:11, וְחָכָם בְּאָחוֹר יְשַׁבְּחֶנָּה Ges Hi but a wise man stilleth it (רוּחַ anger) backwards (sc. when it would break forth), De in the background, sc. of his heart (‖ כָּל־רוּחוֹ יוֹצִיא כְסִיל). c. לְאָחוֹר (α) as a. †ψ 114:3, 5 Je 7:24; (β) of time, hereafter (cf. לְפָּנִים = before) †Is 41:23; 42:23. d. מֵאָחוֹר behind (מן = on the side of) †2 S 10:9 מִפָּנִים וּמֵ׳ in front and behind, Is 9:11 וּפְלִשְׁתִּים מֵאָ׳ and the Philistines behind (= on the West), opp. אֲרָם מִקֶּדֶם. †Plur. cstr. אֲחֹרֵי hinder part (of the tabernacle Ex 26:12, (of a man or animal)1 K 7:25 (= 2 Ch 4:4) Ez 8:16 (of God) Ex 33:23.

† I. עָקֵב n.m. heel, footprint, hinderpart (Arabic عَقِبٌ heel, fig. end (of a month), عِقْبَةٌ mark, sign, trace; Aramaic עִקְבָּא, ܥܩܶܒ heel, footprint, fig. trace, mark (cf. Wsd 2:4 𝔖, Ecclus 13:26 ℌ 𝔖), also end, extremity);—ע׳ abs. Gn 3:15 +, cstr. עֲקֵב 25:26, pl. cstr. עִקְבֵי Ct 1:8, עִקְּבֵי Gn 49:17; Ju 5:22, עִקְּבוֹת ψ 77:20; 89:52, etc.;— a. heel, of man, Gn 25:26 וְיָדוֹ אֹחֶזֶת בַּעֲקֵב אָחִיו, as obj. of attack from behind, 3:15 וְאַתָּה תְּשׁוּפֶנּוּ עָקֵב, Jb 18:9 יֹאחֵז בְּע׳ פַּח, Je 13:22 נֶחְמְסוּ עֲקֵבָ֑יִךְ are treated violently, i.e. are rudely exposed (‖ נִגְלוּ שׁוּלַיִךְ); as instrument of attack, ψ 41:10 הִגְדִּיל עָלַי עָ׳ hath made great the heel against me, i.e. given me insidiously great fall (fig. for, taken some cruel advantage of me; cf. ὑποσκελίζω); of an animal, Gn 49:17 הַנּשֵׁךְ עִקְּבֵי סוּס, Ju 5:22. b. mark of heel, footprint, Ct 1:8) צְאִי־לָךְ בְּעִקְבֵי הַצֹּאן, ψ 56:7 יִשְׁמְרוּ עַקִבַי they mark my footprints, i.e. watch me insidiously wherever I go, 89:52 אֲשֶׁר חֵֽרְפוּ עִקְּבוֹת מְשִׁיחֶ֑ךָ i.e. followed him mockingly, of י׳ (fig.) ψ 77:20 עִקְּבוֹתֶיךָ לֹא נוֹדָ֑עו thy footprints were not known (the waters closing over them). c. hinder-part, rear (of a troop of men), Gn 49:19 וְהוּא יָגוּד עָקֵב׃ (read עֲקִבָם׃ אָשֵׁר) he will troop on their rear, Jos 8:13 עֲקֵבוֹ (cf. Di).

ὕστερον, τό, the afterbirth, Refs 5th c.BC+

Included with: ἔσχᾰτος, η, ον, also ος, ον Refs 4th c.BC+(probably from ἐκ, ἐξ, perhaps eĝhzκατος (compare ἐχθός) like{ἔγ-κατα}): __I of Space, as always in Refs 8th c.BC+, farthest, uttermost, extreme, θάλαμος ἔ. the hindmost chamber, Refs 8th c.BC+at the end of the lines, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἔσχατοι ἀνδρῶν, of the Aethiopians, Refs 8th c.BC+; τάξις ἐ. the farthest part of the army, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐξ ἐσχάτων ἐς ἔσχατα ἀπικέσθαι from end to end, Refs 5th c.BC+:—in various senses, uppermost, ἐ. πυρά Refs 5th c.BC+; lowest, deepest, ἀΐδας Refs 3rd c.BC+; innermost, σάρκες Refs 5th c.BC+; last, hindmost, ἤλαυνε δ᾽ ἔ. Refs; ἐπ᾽ ἐσχάτῳ at the close of a document, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __I.2 of Degree, uttermost, highest, τὸ ἔ. κορυφοῦται βασιλεῦσι Refs 5th c.BC+; of misfortunes, sufferings, etc., utmost, last, worst, πόνος, ἀδικία, κίνδυνοι, Refs 5th c.BC+; δῆμος ἔ. extreme democracy, Refs 4th c.BC+ __I.2.b substantive, τὸ ἔ., τὰ ἔ., the utmost, ἐς τὸ ἔ. κακοῦ ἀπιγμένοι Refs 5th c.BC+; ζημιοῦσθαι πᾶσι τοῖς ἐ., Latin extremis suppliciis, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔσχατ᾽ ἐσχάτων κακά worst of possible evils, Refs 5th c.BC+: comparative οὔτε γὰρ τοῦ ἐσχάτου -ώτερον εἴη ἄν τι Refs 4th c.BC+ falsa lectio in Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.3 of Persons, lowest, meanest, Refs 1st c.BC+ i.e. the meanest of mankind,Refs 5th c.BC+ it seems to mean the remotest of mankind, compare πρὸς ἐσχάτην Μυσῶν variant in Refs 1st c.AD+ __I.4 of Time, last, ἐς τὸ ἔ. to the end, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔ. πλόος, ναυτιλίαι, the end of it, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐσχάτας ὑπὲρ ῥίζας over the last scion of the race, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔ. Ἑλλήνων, Ῥωμαίων, Refs 1st c.AD+ as adverb, for the last time, Refs 5th c.BC+; finally, best of all, NT; at the latest, ἔ. ἐν τρισὶ μησίν Refs 4th c.BC+; εἰς τὴν ἐσχάτην at the last, LXX; ἐπ᾽ ἐσχάτῳLXX substantive ἐσχάτη, ἡ, end, οὐχ ἕξεις ἐ. καλήν Refs 2nd c.AD+ __I.5 in the Logic of Refs 4th c.BC+ are the last or lowest species, Refsindividuals, Refs __I.5.b ὁ ἔ. ὅρος the minor term of a syllogism, Refs __I.5.c last step in geometrical analysis or ultimate condition of action, τὸ ἔ. ἀρχὴ τῆς πράξεως Refs __II adverb -τως to the uttermost, exceedingly, πῦρ ἐ. καίει Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.b -τως διακεῖσθαι to be at the last extremity, NT+2nd c.BC+ __II.2 so ἐς τὸ ἔ.,=ἐσχάτως, Refs 5th c.BC+finally, in the end, Refs 5th c.BC+; but, τὸ ἔ. what is worst of all, Refs

μετέπειτα, adverb afterwards, thereafter, Refs 8th c.BC+: rare in early Prose, ὁ μ. χρόνος NT+5th c.BC+

ὕστερος, ὕστᾰτος, latter, last, comparative and superlative without any Posit. adjective in use. (The Posit. must be looked for in Sanskrit úd 'up'; with ὕστερος, ὕστατος cf. Sanskrit comparative and superlative úttaras, uttamás 'higher, (later)', 'highest, (latest)'; compare ὑστέρα.) __A ὕστερος, α, ον, latter: __I of Place, coming after, behind, ὑστέρῳ ποδί Refs 5th c.BC+; ὑστέρας ἔχων πώλους keeping them behind, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ ὕ. the latter clauses, Refs 1st c.AD+ behind us, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐδὲν ὑστέρα νεώς not a whit behind (slower than) a ship, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II of Time, next, ὁ δ᾽ ὕστερος ὄρνυτο χαλκῷ Refs 8th c.BC+; τῷ ὑ. ἔτει in the next year, X Refs 5th c.BC+; ὑ. χρόνῳ in after time, Refs 5th c.BC+; δεκάτῃ ὑ. or ὑ. δεκάτῃ, on the 21st day, Decrees cited in Refs 3rd c.AD+ H.: with genitive, later than, after, σεῦ ὕστερος εἶμ᾽ ὑπὸ γαῖαν Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.2 later, too late, ὕ. ἐλθών Refs 8th c.BC+; ὕ. (i.e. ἐλθών) Refs 5th c.BC+ the second, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.3 with genitive of things, too late for, ὕστεροι ἀπικόμενοι τῆς συμβολῆς Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.4 as substantive, οἱ ὕ. posterity, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄνδρες ὕ., ὕ. βροτοί, Refs __III of inferiority in Age, Worth, or Quality, γένει ὕ., i.e. younger, Refs 8th c.BC+; with genitive, οὐδενὸς ὕ. second to none, Refs 5th c.BC+; μηδ᾽ ἔμπροσθεν τῶν νόμων, ἀλλ᾽ ὕ. πολιτεύου not putting yourself above the laws, but below them, Refs 4th c.BC+; σῶμα δεύτερον καὶ ὕ (i.e. ψυχῆς) Refs 5th c.BC+; νομίσας πάντα ὕστερα εἶναι τἆλλα πρός τι that all things were secondary to.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 logically posterior, ὁ τόπος ὕ. τῆς ὕλης Refs 3rd c.AD+ __IV adverb ὑστέρως is found only in Eccl. writers, the ascription to Plato by Refs 1st c.AD+ R. being now corrected from Refs 1st c.BC+ was used, rarely of Place, behind, ὀπαδεῖν ὕ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV.2 of Time, later, afterwards,Refs 5th c.BC+; also τὸ ὕ., opposed to τὸ παλαιόν, Refs 8th c.BC+; frequently with other words, ὕ. αὖτις Refs 8th c.BC+; ἔπειτα δ᾽ ὕ., after μέν, Refs 4th c.BC+; χρόνῳ ὕ. πολλῷ a long time after, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὕ. χρόνῳ or χρόνῳ ὕ. some time later, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὀλίγῳ or ὀλίγον ὕ. Refs 5th c.BC+posterity, Refs; τὰ ὕ. γράμματα the later inscriptions, Refs __IV.2.b with genitive, ὕ. τούτων Refs 5th c.BC+; τῆς ἐμεωυτοῦ γνώμης ὕ. after my own opinion was formed, Refs; τοῦ δέοντος ὕ. later than ought to be, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV.3 in adverb sense with Preps., ἐς ὕστερον Refs 8th c.BC+ __B ὕστᾰτος, η, ον, last: __B.I of Place, ἅμα θ᾽ οἱ πρῶτοί τε καὶ ὕστατοι Refs 8th c.BC+; εὐθυντὴρ ὕστατος νεώς hindmost, of a rudder, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II of Time, τίνα πρῶτον, τίνα δ᾽ ὕ. ἐξενάριξε; Refs 8th c.BC+; τὸν ὕ. μέλψασα γόονRefs 5th c.BC+; ἡ ὑστάτη (i.e. ἡμέρα) τῆς ὁρτῆς the last day of.., Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐκ ἐν ὑστάτοις not among the last, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὕστατος ἁλώσιος ἀντάσαις meeting with his downfall at last, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.III of Rank or Degree, οὐκ ἐν ὑστάτοις Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ ὕ. πάσχειν, like{τὰ ἔσχατα}, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __B.IV for regular adverb ὑστάτως (which occurs only in Refs 8th c.BC+; ὕ. δή σε προσεροῦσι, τὸ ὕ. προσειπεῖν, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __B.IV.2 in adverb sense with Preps., ἐν ὑστάτοις at last, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰς τὸ ὕ. extremely, γέρων ἐς τὸ ὕ. Refs 2nd c.AD+

† אַחֲרַי adj. Pr 28:23 (si vera l.) אָדָם אַחֲרַי a man that turneth backwards (cf. Je 7:24) so Jos Ki De Ol p. 429 (doubtfully) Now Sta§ 301 b: according to Ew§ 200 a Hi an abnormal adv. = afterwards, Lag Pr conj. בְּאָרְחוֹ cf. 𝔊 ὁδούς.

† אַחֲרִית n.f.cstr. end (Hebraism; so (cf.JacobZAW, 1902, 84–6) Chr-Pal., Schulth 6);—Dn 2:28 בְּא׳ יוֹמַיָּא (from BH בְּא׳ הַיָּמִים p. 31 a).