Iron Metal

† בַּרְזֶל n.m. Ez 27:19 iron (c. ל afform.; from piercing? NH id., Aramaic id., פַּרְזֶל, ܦܰܪܙܠܴܐ Ph. ברזל, Assyrian parzillu COTGloss, (Arabic فِرْزِلٌ fetter is loan-word))—always abs. ב׳ Gn 4:22 + 74 times (בַּרְזֶל֑ Gn 4:22 etc.);— 1. iron, lit.: a. iron-ore, stone containing iron, Dt 8:9; Jb 28:2; b. as raw material (to be worked) Gn 4:22; 1 Ch 22:3, 14, 16; 29:2(×2), 7 2 Ch 2:6, 13; 24:12; Is 44:12; c. as article of commerce Ez 27:12, 19; d. as material of furniture, utensils, implements, etc., עֶרֶשׂ ב׳ Dt 3:11, רֶכֶב ב׳ Jos 17:16, 18; Ju 1:19, 4:3, 13, כְּלֵי ב׳ Jos 6:19, 24 cf. 1 K 6:7; Nu 35:16, עֵט־ב׳ Jb 19:24 & fig. Je 17:1, חֲרִצֵי הַבּ׳ 2 S 12:31 = 1 Ch 20:3, מַגְזְרוֹת הַבּ׳ 2 S 12:31 cutting instr. of iron, vid. Am 1:3, כַּבְלֵי ב׳ ψ 149:8 (‖ זִקִּים), נֵשֶׁק ב׳ Jb 20:24, קַרְנֵי ב׳ 1 K 22:11 = 2 Ch 18:10, קִיר ב׳ & מַחֲבַת ב׳ Ez 4:3; בְּרִיחֵי ב׳, i.e. of Babylon, ag. Cyrus Is 45:2; cf. 1 S 17:7 & Is 60:17(×2) (fig.) 2. tool of iron Dt 27:5; Jos 8:31; Pr 27:17(×2) Ec 10:10 Is 10:34 (metaph.); head of an axe Dt 19:5 2 K 6:5, 6; so weapon 2 S 23:7; Jb 41:19; cf. also Nu 31:22; Jos 22:8 where iron as spoil of war. 3. iron in fig. of unwatered earth Dt 28:23; of Egyptian bondage, כּוּר הַבּ׳ Dt 4:20; 1 K 8:51; Je 11:4; of oppression עֹל ב׳ Dt 28:48; Je 28:14 cf. v 13; of strength Je 15:12(×2); cf. ב׳ מִנְעָלֶיךָ Dt 33:25 & Mi 4:13 קֶרֶן ב׳; of prophet, firm through Yahweh’s might, עַמּוּד ב׳ Je 1:18; of distress, בְּרִיחֵי ב׳ ψ 107:16 cf. v 10 of judgments of י׳, & 105:18; שֵׁבֶט ב׳ ψ 2:9; of evildoers, Je 6:28; Ez 22:18, 20; simile of scorching sky Lv 26:19; מְטִיל ב׳ of bones of hippopotamus Jb 40:18; גִּיד ב׳ of obstinate neck of Isr. Is 48:4.

פַּרְזֶל19 n.m. Dn 2:40 iron (𝔗 Syriac; v. BH בַּרְזֶל);—abs. Dn 2:33 (-זֶ֑ל), 4:12 +; emph. פַּרְזְלָא 2:34 +;—Dn 2:33, 34 + 11 times 2; 4:12, 20; 5:4, 23; 7:7, 19.

σῐδήρ-εος, α, Ionic dialect and Epic dialect η, ον, Attic dialect contraction σιδηροῦς, ᾶ, οῦν Refs; Epic dialect also σιδήρειος, η, ον, see below; also late, Refs 6th c.AD+ (feminine -ειοςRefs 9th c.AD+; Doric dialect σιδάρεος [ᾱ] Refs 4th c.BC+, and see below 11, also σιδάριος Refs 4th c.BC+; Aeolic dialect σιδάριος Refs 3rd c.BC+:—made of iron or steel, ἄξων Refs 8th c.BC+; χεὶρ σ. grappling-iron, Refs 5th c.BC+, i.e. the clang of arms, Refs 8th c.BC+; σ. οὐρανός the iron sky, the firmament, which the ancients held to be of metal, Refs 8th c.BC+; σ. γένος, of the Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 metaphorically, ἦ γὰρ σοί γε σ. ἐν φρεσὶ θυμός a soul of iron, i.e. hard, stubborn as iron, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἦ ῥά νυ σοί γε σ. πάντα τέτυκται thou art iron all! Refs 8th c.BC+; πυρὸς μένος.. σ. the iron force of fire, Refs 8th c.BC+; of Heracles, the ironsided, Refs 4th c.BC+; of men, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὦ σιδήρεοι O ye ironhearted! Refs 5th c.BC+ __II σιδάρεοι, οἱ, Byzantine iron coins, always used in Doric dialect form, even at Athens, Refs 5th c.BC+

σίδηρος [ῐ], Doric dialect σίδᾱρος Refs 4th c.BC+, etc.: ; also ἡ, Refs 2nd c.BC+: neuter σίδηρον, τό, Refs 8th c.BC+ (but probably falsa lectio for{σιδήριον} in Refs 2nd c.AD+: —iron, σ. πολιός Refs 8th c.BC+; as an article of traffic, οἰνίζοντο.. Ἀχαιοί, ἄλλοι μὲν χαλκῷ, ἄλλοι δ᾽ αἴθωνι σ. Refs 8th c.BC+; χαλκός τε χρυσός τε πολύκμητός τε σ., of treasures, Refs 8th c.BC+; as a prize, Refs; Σκύθης σ., because brought from the Euxine, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 frequently as a symbol of hardness Refs, or of stubborn force, Refs 8th c.BC+; ὀφθαλμοὶ ὡσεὶ κέρα ἕστασαν ἠὲ σRefs 8th c.BC+; also of firmness, steadfastness, πέτρης ὅ γ᾽ ἔχων νόον ἠὲ σ. Refs 2nd c.BC+ __II anything made of iron, iron tool or implement, for husbandry, Refs 8th c.BC+: also of weapons, arrow-head, Refs; sword or knife, Refs 8th c.BC+; axe-head, Refs 8th c.BC+: generally, arms, οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι σ. κατέθεντο Refs 5th c.BC+: also, knife, sickle, Refs 8th c.BC+: plural, fishing-hooks, Refs 3rd c.BC+; irons, fetters, Refs 2nd c.AD+; compare σιδήριον. __III place for selling iron, smithy or cutler's shop, ἀγαγόντα εἰς τὸν σ. Refs 5th c.BC+

† [פְּלָדָה] n.f. usually iron, steel (origin dub.; steel in Arabic is فوُلَاذٌ, فالَوُذ, but Vulg.Ar. بُولَاد; Syriac ܦܘܠܕ (in Lexx); loan-wd.from Pers. پُولَاد according to LagGes. Abh. 75, cf. NöZMG xxx (1876), 769, but uncertain, cf. Now and reff.);—pl. [abs.!] בְּאֵשׁ־פְּלָדֹת הָרֶכֶב Na 2:4 כָּאֵשׁ פִּלְדֹת וגו׳ We Now, like fire the steel (fittings) of the chariots.