Handing Over

† [נָקַם] vb. avenge, take vengeance (Ecclus 461 e להנקם נקמי אויב (Niph. + acc. cogn.); נקם n. also 12:6 (cf. Dt 32:41), 39:30; 48:7; NH נָקַם especially in deriv.; Aramaic נ��קַם (rare), ܢܩܰܡ in der. species; Arabic نَقَمَ take vengeance (عَلَ upon), Lane3037; cf. Ethiopic ቂም Di458 vindictae studium, ultionis cupido; Assyrian iḳḳimu, vengeance, requital, is poss. from √ אקם JägerBAS ii. 279);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. נְקָמַ֫נִי 1 S 24:13; Impf. יִקּוֹם Dt 32:43; יִקֹּם Jos 10:13; 2 ms. תִּקֹּם Lv 19:18; Inf. abs. נָקֹם Ex 21:20; cstr. נְקֹם Ez 24:8; 25:12; Imv. נְקֹם Nu 31:2; Pt. נֹקֵם Na 1:2 + 3 times; f. נֹקֶ֫מֶת Lv 26:25;— 1. avenge, take vengeance: a. God subj. דַּם עֲבָדָיו יִקּוֹם Dt 32:43 the blood of his servants he avengeth (against those who slew them) (+ 1 K 2:5 𝔊L Klo); נ׳ abs. Na 1:2(×2) c. לְ (agst. Nineveh) Na 1:2; נ׳ נָקָם (agst. Jerus.) Ez 24:8; עַל־עֲלִילוֹתָם on their doings (his people’s) ψ 99:8; נ׳ נְקַם בְּרִית Lv 26:25 (H) the vengeance of the covenant (against those who break it); נְקָמַנִי, 1 S 24:13, c. מִן of pers. from whom vengeance is taken (cp. Je 20:10). b. Israel and its leaders against their enemies, נ׳ נקמה c. מִן against whom Nu 31:2 (P); c. acc. יִקֹּם אֹיְבָיו Jos 10:13 (poem). c. Edom against Judah נ׳ נקם לְ Ez 25:12. d. in administration of justice agst. murder Ex 21:20 (E). 2. entertain revengeful feelings (opp. אהב) against neighbour forbidden Lv 19:18 (H). Niph. Pf. 1 s. נִקַּ֫מְתִּי Ju 15:7; 1 S 14:24; 3 mpl. נִקְּמוּ Ez 25:12; Impf. יִנָּקֵם Ex 21:20; 1 s. אִנָּֽקְמָה Ju 16:28; Is 1:24; 3 mpl. יִנָּֽקְמוּ Ez 25:15; Inf. הִנָּקֵם Je 46:10 + 2 times; Imv. הִנָּ֫קֶם Je 15:15; pl. הִנָּֽקְמוּ Je 50:15:— 1. avenge oneself, a. י׳ subj. c. מִן of adversary Is 1:24; Je 46:10; c. מִן advers., לְ for whom Je 15:15; c. בְּ adversary Je 50:15. b. of Israel and champions c. מִן Ju 16:28; 1 S 14:24; Est 8:13; c. בְּ Ju 15:7; 1 S 18:25. c. of enemies against Israel נ׳ נקם Ez 25:15; c. בְּ Ez 25:12. 2. suffer vengeance (of law against murder) Ex 21:20 (E). Piel Pf. 1 s. נִקַּ֫מְתִּי 2 K 9:7 Je 51:36;—avenge, י׳ subj. דָּמִים מיד 2 K 9:7 blood at hands of; נ׳ נִקְמָתֵךָ Je 51:36 take vengeance for thee. Hoph. Impf. יֻקַּם Gn 4:24; Ex 21:21, יֻקָּ֑ם Gn 4:15 be avenged, vengeance be taken (for blood). Hithp. Impf. תִּתְנַקֵּם Je 5:9, 29; 9:8; Pt. מִתְנַקֵּם ψ 8:3; 44:17; avenge oneself, י׳ subj. לֹא תִתְנַקֵּם נַפְשִׁי בְּ׳ Je 5:9, 29; 9:8; of Israel’s enemies אוֹיֵב וּמִתְנַקֵּם ψ 8:3; 44:17.

ἐκδῐκ-έω, avenge, punish, φόνον NT+5th c.BC+; exact vengeance for, τὰ αἵματα τῶν δούλων LXX+2nd c.BC+ __2 decide a case, δίκην, ἀγῶνα, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II avenge or vindicate a person, by taking up his cause, NT+1st c.AD+; ἐ. τινὰ ἀπό τινος avenge one on another, NT+5th c.BC+:—passive, LXX __II.2 act as ἔκδικος Refs 1st c.BC+ __III claim, Refs 5th c.AD+ __IV ἐ. τισί make retribution for them, Refs 5th c.BC+

ἔκδῐκ-ος, ον, lawless, unjust, ἔκδικα πάσχω Refs 4th c.BC+; of persons, Refs 5th c.BC+. adverb -κωςRefs 4th c.BC+ __II maintaining the right, avenging, ἔχει θεὸς ἔ. ὄμμα LXX+1st c.AD+ __II.2 substantive, avenger, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.3 public advocate or prosecutor, Refs 1st c.BC+ __II.4 generally, legal representative, Refs 1st c.AD+

† [מָסַר] vb. si vera l. deliver up, offer (NH מָסַר; Aramaic ܡܣܰܪ deliver up, denounce, betray, מְסַר; HomZMG xlvi. 1892, 530 comp. Sab. מסר take away);— Qal Inf. cstr. לִמְסָר־מַ֫עַל בי׳ Nu 31:16 offer (commit) a trespass against י׳, but read לִמְעֹל, cf. Thes Di (v. Nu 5:6 2 Ch 36:14). Niph. Impf. וַיִּמָּֽסְרוּ Nu 31:5 delivered over to, assigned to (of warriors), read perhaps וַיִּסָּֽפְרוּ (𝔊 ἐξηρίθμησαν) cf. Thes.