Grace and Compassion

† I. חָנַן vb. show favour, be gracious (NH id., Aramaic חֲנַן, ܚܰܢ; Arabic حَنَّ yearn towards, long for, be merciful, compassionate, favourable, inclined towards; Sab. חן in n.pr. חן מסבררהם DHMEpigr. Denkm. 40; Ph. חנן in חן favour, and n.pr. as אלחנן, חננבעל; Assyrian in deriv. annu, grace, favour, unninu, têninu nannu, id., LotzTP ZimBP 23, 66)— Qal Pf. חָנַן Gn 33:5; sf. חַנַּ֫נִי Gn 33:11; יְ֯חַנַּנִי 2 S 12:22; חַנֹּתִי Ex 33:19; חָנָ֑נוּ La 4:16; Impf. יֶחֱנַן Am 5:15; יָחֹן Dt 28:50; וַיָּ֫חָן 2 K 13:23; sf. יָחְנְךָ Gn 43:29 Is 30:19; וִיחֻנֶּךָּ Nu 6:25; יְחֻנֶּנּוּ Is 27:11 Jb 33:24; יְחָנֵּנוּ ψ 67:2; 123:2 Mal 1:9; תָּחֹן ψ 59:6; sf. תְּחָנֵּם Dt 7:2; אָחֹן Ex 33:19; Imv. sf. חָנֵּנִי ψ 4:2 + 17 times ψψ; חָנְנֵנִי ψ 9:14 (Baer pts. חַנְנֵנִי); חָנֵּנוּ Is 33:2 ψ 123:3(×2); חָנּוּנוּ Ju 21:22; חָנֻּנִי Jb 19:21(×2); Inf. abs. חָנוֹן Is 30:19; cstr. חַנּוֹת ψ 77:10; חֶנְנָהּ ψ 102:14; חֲנַנְכֶם Is 30:18; Pt. חֹנֵן Pr 14:31; חוֹנֵן ψ 37:21 + 5 times ψψ Pr.—favour, shew favour; 1. of man: a. Ju 21:22 favour us with them (2 acc.; i.e. by giving them to us). b. in dealing with the poor, needy, and orphans, abs. ψ 37:21, 26 = 112:5; c. acc. Pr 14:31; 19:17; 28:8; c. לְ ψ 109:12. c. by considering and sparing, c. acc. Dt 7:2; 28:50; La 4:16; Jb 19:21(×2). 2. of God, a. in the bestowal of favours, with acc. Gn 33:11 (E), 43:29 (J), Nu 6:25 (P), 2 S 12:22; double acc. Gn 33:5 (E), תּוֹרָֽתְךָ חָנֵּנִי be gracious unto me (in giving) thy law ψ 119:29. b. usually in the bestowal of redemption from enemies, evils, and sins; abs. ψ 77:10, elsewhere c. acc. Ex 33:19(×2) (JE), Am 5:15; 2 K 13:23; Is 27:11; 30:18, 19(×2); 33:2; Mal 1:9 ψ 4:2; 6:3; 9:14; 25:16; 26:11; 27:7; 30:11; 31:10; 41:5, 11; 51:3; 56:2; 57:2(×2); 59:6; 67:2; 86:3, 16; 102:14; 119:58, 132; 123:2, 3(×2) Jb 33:24.—Jb 19:17 v. חָנַן²" dir="rtl" >II. חנן. Niph. Pf. 2 fs. נֵחַנְתְּ Je 22:23 be pitied (cf. נֵאַר √ ארר) but 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 express groan (i.e. נֶאֱנַחְתְּ), which is favoured by context, and adopted by Hi Ew Gf Gie al. Pi. Impf. 3 ms. make gracious, favourable כִּי־יְחַנֵּן קוֹלוֹ Pr 26:25. Poʿel Impf. 3 ms. direct favour to (Ges§ 55, 1) וְאֶת־עֲפָרָהּ יְחֹנֵנוּ ψ 102:15; Pt. מְחוֹנֵן עֲנָיִ֯ם Pr 14:21. Hoph. Impf. יֻחַן be shewn favour, consideration Is 26:10; Pr 21:10. Hithp. Pf. 2 ms. הִתְחַנַּנְתָּה 1 K 9:3 + 5 times Pf.; Impf. וַיִּתְחַנֵּן 2 K 1:13; וַתִּתְחַנֶּן־ Est 8:3; אֶתְחַנָּ֑ן ψ 30:9 + etc. + 6 times Impf.; Inf. לְהִתְחַנֶּן־ Est 4:8; בְּהִתְחַנְנוֹ Gn 42:21—seek or implore favour: 1. of man, with אֶל Gn 42:21 (E) 2 K 1:13; with לְ Jb 19:16; Est 4:8; 8:3. 2. of God, with אֶל־ Dt 3:23 1 K 8:33, 47 = 2 Ch 6:37, Jb 8:5 ψ 30:9; 142:2; with לְ Ho 12:5; Jb 9:15; with לפני 1 K 8:59; 9:3; 2 Ch 6:24.

† חָסִיד adj.m. kind, pious (so, as denoting active practice of חֶסֶד, kindness, Thes MV De and most, cf. קָצִיר, פָּקִיד etc.; > Hup on ψ 4:4 RVm who expl. as passive reception of י׳’s חֶסֶד, cf. שָׂכִיר, אָסִיר etc.; its use as attribute of God Je 3:12 ψ 145:17, and the context ψ 12:1 Mi 7:2 etc., favour active sense)—ח׳ ψ 4:4 + 9 times; חֲסִידֶ֑ךָ Dt 33:8 ψ 89:20; חֲסִידְיךָ֯ ψ 16:10; pl. חֲסִידִים ψ 149:1, 5; sf. חֲסִידָ֑י ψ 50:5; חֲסִידָו֯ 1 S 2:9 + 15 times sfs.;— 1. kind: a. of man עם ח׳ תתחסד with the kind thou shewest thyself kind 2 S 22:26 = ψ 18:26. b. of wing of ostrich אִם אֶבְרָה חֲסִידָה Jb 39:13 is it a kindly pinion? poss. with play on חֲסִידָה n.f. stork (is the ostrich kind like the stork?). c. of God, only Je 3:12 ψ 145:17. 2. pious, godly, either as exhibition of ‘duteous love’ toward God (CheOP 378), or (in view of rarity of such passages as Ho 6:4, 6; Je 2:2, and their possible ambiguity) because kindness, as prominent in the godly, comes to imply other attributes, and to be a designation of the godly character, piety: a. as adj.—גּוֹי לא חסיד a nation, not pious, = ungodly ψ 43:1. b. elsewhere as subst.: sing., a pious man, the godly ψ 4:4; 12:2; 32:6; 86:2, ‖ יָשָׁר Mi 7:2; (thy) pious one(s) ψ 16:10 (Kt pl.), 1 S 2:9 (Qr pl.) Pr 2:8, אִישׁ חֲסִידֶ֑ךָ men of thy pious one Dt 33:8 (Moses, v. Di; others, the man, thy godly one, i.e. Levi); pl. the pious, godly, those of the people who were faithful, devoted to God’s service, only in Psalter and chiefly, if not entirely, in late Psalms ψ 149:1, 5; his pious ones ψ 30:5; 31:24; 37:28; 85:9; 97:10; 116:15; 148:14; 149:9; thy pious ones ψ 52:11; 79:2; 89:20; 132:9 = 2 Ch 6:41, ψ 145:10; my pious ones ψ 50:5, her (Zion’s) pious ψ 132:16.—(In Maccab. age, συναγωγὴ Ἀσιδαίων denoted, technically, the party of the pious, who opposed the Hellenization of Judaea, v. 1 Macc 2:42; cf. 7:13 2 Macc 14:6 and CheOP 48, 56; so perhaps ψ 116:15; 149:1, 5, 9.)

† חַנּוּן adj. gracious, only used as an attribute of God, as hearing the cry of the vexed debtor Ex 22:26 (covt. code), ‖ מְרַחֵם ψ 116:5; elsewhere in the earlier phrase רַחוּם וְחַנּוּן Ex 34:6 (JE) = ψ 86:15; 103:8, or the later חַנּוּן וְרַחוּם 2 Ch 30:9; Ne 9:17, 31 ψ 111:4; 112:4; 145:8 Jo 2:13; Jon 4:2.

† רַחוּם adj. compassionate; usually of God: אֵל רַחוּם Dt 4:31, ר׳ וְחַנּוּן Ex 34:6 (J) = ψ 86:15; 103:8; later חַנּוּן ור׳ 2 Ch 30:9; Ne 9:17, 31; Jo 2:13; Jon 4:2 ψ 111:4; 145:8; והוא ר׳ 78:38. Once of man ψ 112:4.

† חָנוּן n.pr.m. (favoured; cf. Assyrian Ḫanunu, king of Gaza COT on 2 K 15:29);— 1. an Ammonite king 2 S 10:1, 2, 3, 4; 1 Ch 19:2(×2), 3, 4, 6. 2. Jewish chiefs, contemporaries of Nehemiah: a. Ne 3:13. b. Ne 3:30.

οἰκτ-ίρμων, ον, genitive ονος, merciful, NT+5th c.BC+

ἐλε-ήμων, ον, genitive ονος, pitiful, merciful, NT+8th c.BC+; of God, LXX+5th c.BC+ adverb -μόνως, condemned by Refs 2nd c.AD+

εὔσπλαγχν-ος, ον, with healthy bowels, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II compassionate, LXX+NT+6th c.AD+

Included with: ἵλαος [see. entry near the end], ον, Epic dialect and Lyric poetry (incl. Lyric poetry of Trag., Refs 5th c.BC+: irregular genitive ἱλάονος Refs 4th c.BC+; Attic dialect and later ἵλεως, ων (also in Refs 3rd c.BC+, variant for{ἵλεον} in Refs 5th c.BC+ indeclinable as nominative plural, Refs 2nd c.BC+, as accusative singular, LXX+5th c.BC+: ἵλεος, ον, Refs 5th c.BC+: ἵληϝος, uncertain in Refs 6th c.BC+,= epigram cited in Refs 2nd c.AD+; Aeolic dialect ἴλλαος Refs:—of gods, propitious, gracious, ἔπειθ᾽ ἵλαος Ὀλύμπιος ἔσσεται ἡμῖν NT+8th c.BC+; in deprecation, ἵλεώς σοι, κύριε (i.e. ὁ θεός), i.e. be it far from thee, NT+4th c.AD+ __2 of things, propitious, blameless, atoned for, ἵλαον ἦναι, opposed to ἰνμενφὲς ἦναι, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II of men, gracious, kindly, σὺ δ᾽ ἵλαον ἔνθεο θυμόν Refs 8th c.BC+ __III adverb ἱλάως and ἱλέως, Refs 8th c.BC+; elsewhere ᾰ, see above, also Refs

† [חֲנַן] vb. shew favour (v. BH);— Pe. Inf. c. acc. pers. מִחַן (K§ 46, 3 a) Dn 4:24 (cf. BH Pōʿ. Pr 14:21). Hithpa. implore favour (of God; so BH Hithp.), Pt. מִתְחַנֵּן Dn 6:12.

πολύ-σπλαγχνος, ον, of great mercy, NT

συμπαθ-ής, ές, affected by like feelings, sympathetic, οὐδεὶς ὁμαίμου -έστερος φίλος Refs 5th c.BC+; πρὸς τὰ γεννηθέντα συμπαθέστεραι μᾶλλον αἱ μητέρες γίνονται [τῶν τιτθῶν] Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 exerting mutual influence, interacting, ἡ ψυχὴ καὶ τὸ σῶμα συμπαθῆ Refs 4th c.BC+; νεῦρα ἀλλήλοις σ. Refs 6th c.AD+; sensitive to influence, τὸ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ θερμόν.. -έστατον Refs 4th c.BC+; of the members of an organism, Refs 5th c.BC+; exciting sympathy, χερῶν σ. ὑπτιασμός Refs 5th c.BC+: superlative, Refs __3 of planets, in concord, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __II adverb -θῶς sympathetically, Refs 4th c.BC+ -έστατα Refs 1st c.BC+

Included with: φῐλάνθρωπ-ος, ον, loving mankind, humane, benevolent, tender-hearted, and, in weaker sense, kind, courteous, Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. δὲ παύεσθαι τρόπου, of Prometheus, Refs 4th c.BC+; of animals that attach themselves to men, as of dogs, gentle, Refs 5th c.BC+; of horses, Refs; τὸ φιλάνθρωπον, ={φιλανθρωπία}, Refs 1st c.BC+; τὰ φιλάνθρωπα humane treatment, τῶν φ. τυχεῖν Refs 3rd c.BC+; kindnesses, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __2 of the gods, loving men, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II of things, humane, humanizing, χάρις δικαία καὶ φ. Refs 5th c.BC+; τρόπος, in Music, Refs 1st c.AD+; of wines, generous, Refs __II.2 appealing to human feeling, of situations, Refs 4th c.BC+ (less probably, satisfying the sense of poetic justice). __II.3 in Medicine texts, of diet, generous, τροφὴ -οτέρα, opposed to ὀλίγη, Refs 2nd c.AD+; but of a medical treatise, popular, Refs __III φιλάνθρωπα, τά, concessions, grants, privileges, immunities, Refs 3rd c.BC+, Epist.Jul.Caes. cited in Refs 1st c.BC+; Thess. φιλάνθρουπα Refs 3rd c.BC+ __III.b singular, benefaction, endowment, gratuity, Refs 1st c.BC+ __III.c singular, letter expressing friendly feelings, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __IV adverb, -ως τινὶ κεχρῆσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+: superlative -όταταRefs 4th c.BC+ __V φῐλάνθρωπ-ον, τό, ={ἀπαρίνη}, Refs 1st c.AD+; φιλανθρώπειος βοτάνη in Refs 2nd c.AD+

χρηστεύομαι, to be kind or merciful, NT

† [רַחֲמָנִי] adj. id.;—pl. f. נָשִׁים רַחֲמָנִיּוֹת La 4:10 compassionate women.