Going Before and Leading

προάγω [ᾰ], future -άξω: perfect active προῆχα Refs 4th c.BC+ —middle, see below: perfect passive in middle sense, see below Refs:—lead forward or onward, μιν ἐς τὰ οἰκία Refs 5th c.BC+; escort on their way, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be led on, προαγομένης τῆς πόλεως ἐπὶ συμφοράς Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 carry on, αἱμασιάν Refs 4th c.BC+; produce, Refs 3rd c.AD+ —passive, [τάξις] εἰς ὀξὺ προηγμένη brought to a point, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2.b bring on in age, etc., προῆγεν αὐτὸν ὁ χρόνος εἰς ὥραν Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, ἐπὶ πλείω προῆκται τῆς κατ᾽ ἰητρικὴν ἐπιμελείας belong to more advanced medical study, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2.c increase, raise a dose, ἐπὶ ἓξ κοτύλας Refs 2nd c.AD+ __3 bring forward, νεκρόν εἰς τὸ φανερόν, τι εἰς τὸ πρόσθεν, Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ προαγαγόντες εἰς φῶς, ={οἱ γονεῖς}, Refs 2nd c.AD+; call up an apparition, Thessal. in Refs __3.b bring before a tribunal, Refs 2nd c.BC+; π. δάνειον Refs 3rd c.AD+ __4 lead on, induce, persuade, δόλῳτινὰς π. Refs 5th c.BC+infinitive added, κινδυνεύειν τινὰ π.Refs 6th c.BC+; τὰς συγγενείας εἰς ἔχθραν, εἰς ἄνοιαν τὴν πόλιν, Refs 5th c.BC+; τινὰ ἐπ᾽ ἀρετήν, opposed to προτρέψασθαι, Refs 5th c.BC+ —middle, ἐς γέλωτα προαγαγέσθαι τινά move one to laughter, Refs 5th c.BC+: c.infinitive, τοῦτο πολεμίους προάγεται ἁμαρτάνειν Refs 5th c.BC+:—frequently in passive, προαχθέντας εἰς φιλοποσίαν Refs 5th c.BC+: with infinitive, οὐ γὰρ ἔγωγε προαχθείην ἂν εἰπεῖν Refs 4th c.BC+ __5 carry forward, advance, π. τὴν πόλιν lead it on to power, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. αὐτὴν (i.e. τὴν ἀρχὴν) ἐς τόδε Refs 5th c.BC+; οὕτω μέχρι πόρρω προήγαγον [τὴν ἔχθραν] carried it so far, Refs 4th c.BC+; τὴν πραγματείαν π. εἰς τὸ πρόσθεν promote the study, Refs 4th c.BC+; [τὰ μαθήματα] Refs 4th c.BC+; π. καὶ διαρθρῶσαι τὰ καλῶς ἔχοντα τῇ περιγραφῇ carry on and complete.., Refs:—middle, ἐς τοῦτο [τὰ Περσέων πρήγματα] προηγάγοντο Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, increase, become rife, Refs 4th c.BC+ __5.b of persons, promote or prefer to honour, δᾶμος εἰς ἀριστοκρατίαν ἄνδρας αἰ προάγοι καλῶς Refs 3rd c.BC+; τινὰς εἰς δόξαν, ἐφ᾽ ἡγεμονίας, Refs 1st c.AD+ __5.c prefer in the way of choice, especially in passive, αἱ προηγμέναι φυλαί Refs 1st c.AD+ distinguished, outstanding, ὥρα Refs 2nd c.AD+ __6 in Stoic Philos., of things neither good nor bad but promoted or advanced above the zero point of indifference, προηγμένον.. ὃ ἀδιάφορον [ὂν] ἐκλεγόμεθα Refs 4th c.BC+; compare ἀποπροάγω. __7 in perfect passive with middle sense, οὕτω προῆκται τοὺς παῖδας ὥστε.. has had them brought up in such a way that.., Refs 4th c.BC+: also in passive sense, ἐπιεικῶς τοῖς ἔθεσι προηγμένοι Refs 4th c.BC+ __8 pronounce a discourse, κατὰ θεωρίαν π. πάντα Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II intransitive, lead the way, go before, πρόαγε δή Refs 5th c.BC+: of a commander, lead an advance, push forward, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __II.2 metaphorically, ὁ προάγων λόγος the preceding discourse, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 go on, advance, ἐπὶ πολὺ προάγει τῇ τε βίᾳ καὶ τῇ ὠμότητι Decrees cited in Refs 4th c.BC+ (ν) is variant for{προσῆγε} in NT+5th c.BC+; reach, attain to, εἰς τὰς ὀκτὼ μυριάδας Refs 1st c.BC+ __II.4 excel, τινος Refs 1st c.AD+

προέρχομαι (πρόειμι serves as future), aorist προῆλθον: perfect προελήλῠθα Refs 4th c.BC+:—go forward, advance, Refs 5th c.BC+ absolutely, προελθών, = _Attic dialect_ παρελθών, having come forward to speak, Refs 4th c.BC+: with accusative cognate, π. ἡμερησίαν ὁδόν Refs 5th c.BC+ __b come forth, πλάγια π. τὰ ἔμβρυα Refs 4th c.BC+to be born, Refs 2nd c.AD+; appear, be published, of a book, Refs 1st c.BC+ __c go away from, leave, ἀπὸ τῆς ἑαυτοῦ [οἰκίας] Refs 2nd c.AD+; οὐδεπώποτε ἐξ Αἰθιοπίας τὸν ἕτερον πόδα προελθών Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 of Time, προελθόντος πολλοῦ χρόνου Refs 5th c.BC+; of persons, προεληλυθότες ταῖς ἡλικίαις advanced in years, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 go on, proceed, in a story or argument, Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 metaphorically, [τὰ Περσέων πρήγματα] ἐς τοῦτο προελθόντα the power of the Persians having advanced to this height, Refs 5th c.BC+make progress, Refs 5th c.BC+: frequently in bad sense, εἰς πᾶν π. μοχθηρίας Refs 4th c.BC+; πόρρω προεληλύθασι φυλακῆς they are far gone in cautiousness, Refs 5th c.BC+ __5 go before or first, Refs; π. τινός go before him,NT __5.b arrive first, Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect, have travelled first, ὁδόν Refs 5th c.BC+ __II take legal proceedings, appear in court, Refs 2nd c.AD+

φθάνω, Refs 8th c.BC+, imperfect ἔφθανον Refs 5th c.BC+: future φθήσομαι Refs 8th c.BC+; but φθάσω [ᾰ] Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἔφθᾰσα Refs 5th c.BC+; optative 3rd.pers. singular φθάσειε Refs 5th c.BC+ (this tense prevails in later Gk., Refs 2nd c.BC+; Doric dialect ἔφθασσα Refs 3rd c.BC+aorist is ἔφθην,Refs 5th c.BC+, but the more usual form in Refs 5th c.BC+; plural ἔφθημεν, -ητε, -ησαν, Refs 5th c.BC+, Epic dialect plural 3 φθάν Refs 8th c.BC+subjunctive φθῶ, Epic dialect 3rd.pers. singular φθήῃ, φθῇσιν, Refs; Epic dialect 1st pers. plural φθέωμεν Refs 8th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. plural φθέωσι Refs; optative φθαίην, Epic dialect 3rd.pers. singular φθαίησι (παρα-) Refs 8th c.BC+; infinitive φθῆναι Refs 5th c.BC+; participle φθάς Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect participle middle φθάμενος Refs 8th c.BC+perfect ἔφθᾰκαLXX+4th c.BC+; πέφθακα Refs 3rd c.AD+: pluperfect ἐφθάκει Refs 1st c.AD+:—passive, Refs 4th c.BC+: imperfect ἐφθάνετο Refs; ἐφθάνοντο Refs 1st c.AD+: aorist ἐφθάσθην Refs 1st c.BC+. [φθᾰνω always in Attic dialect (so also in Refs; φθᾱνω in Refs 8th c.BC+]:—come or do first or before others: __I with accusative person, to be beforehand with, overtake, outstrip, in running or otherwise, φθάνει δέ τε καὶ τὸν ἄγοντα NT+8th c.BC+; so ἔφθησαν τὸν χειμῶνα they anticipated the storm, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be overtaken, ὑπό τινος Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐφθάσθην (see. above). __II absolutely, come or act first, opposed to ὑστερέω or ὑστερίζω, Refs 5th c.BC+; τοῦ φθάσαντος ἁρπαγή the prey of the first comer, Refs 5th c.BC+; in later writers, τὰ φθάσαντα the things before mentioned, Refs 4th c.BC+; participle φθάνων, φθάσας previous, τῶν φθασάντων δυεῖν βιβλίων Refs 3rd c.AD+; ἐν τοῖς φθάνουσιν ἔργοις Dex.Hist.Refs 1st c.AD+previous time, Refs 2nd c.AD+; τὸ φθάσαν, τὰ φθάσαντα, the past, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 with Preps., come or arrive first, ἕως τῶν οὐρανῶν LXX+NT.., simply, arriveat, attain to, NT+1st c.AD+: absolutely, of Time, arrive, καιρὸς τῆς τομῆς ἔφθακε (variant{ἔφθασεν}) LXX; ἔφθασεν ὁ μὴν ὁ ἕβδομοςLXX __II.2.b extend, μέχρι γῆς Refs 3rd c.AD+ __II.2.c reach, αἰθέρα Refs __II.2.d Grammars, to be applied or applicable, ἐπ᾽ ἀμφοτέρας τὰς διαθέσεις Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III the action in which one is beforehand is expressed by the participle agreeing with the subject, [Ἄτη] πολλὸν ὑπεκπροθέει, φθάνει δέ τε πᾶσαν ἐπ᾽ αἶαν βλάπτουσ᾽ ἀνθρώπους and is beforehand in doing men mischief, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀλλ᾽ ἄρα μιν φθῆ Τηλέμαχος κατόπισθε βαλών Telemachus was beforehand with him in striking, i.e. struck first, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἔφθησαν ἀπικόμενοι arrived first, Refs 5th c.BC+; so φ. εὐεργετῶν to be the first to show a kindness, Refs 5th c.BC+participle passive is also used, ἦ κε πολὺ φθαίη πόλις ἁλοῦσα, i.e. it would be taken first, Refs 8th c.BC+; εἴ κε φθήῃ τυπείς shall be wounded first, Refs; φθαίητε γὰρ ἂν.. ἐξανδραποδισθέντες ἣ.. Refs 5th c.BC+; φθάνειν δεῖ πεφραγμένους τοὶς πόρους they must first be blocked up, Refs were drawn up before the drivers, Refs 8th c.BC+; more frequently by πρὶν.. or ἢ.., ἔφθη ὀρεξάμενος, πρὶν οὐτάσαι Refs 8th c.BC+; ἔφθησαν ἀναβάντες πρὶν ἢ.. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔφθησαν ἐκπεσόντες πρότερον ἢ.. Refs __III.b in later Gr., with participle to express previous action or happening, φθάνω ὑμῖν πρότερον γεγραφηκώς I have already written to you, Refs 2nd c.AD+, etc.; ἔφθασα εἰρηκώς Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III.2 in the same sense, participle φθάς or φθάσας, Epic dialect φθάμενος, is used like an adverb with a principal Verb, ὅς μ᾽ ἔβαλε φθάμενος, for ὅς μ᾽ ἔφθη βαλών, Refs 8th c.BC+; οὐκ ἄλλος φθὰς ἐμεῦ κατήγορος ἔσται no other shall be an accuser before me, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀνέῳξάς με φθάσας you opened the door before me, Refs 5th c.BC+; even with a participle, φθάσας.. ἁρπάσας Refs 5th c.BC+; rarely participle present, φθάνοντες δῃοῦμεν Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2.b in signification Refsalready paid them, Refs 4th c.AD+; but ὡσεὶ καὶ ὁμογενῆ φθάσας εἶπον as if I had said (not had already said) ὁ., Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III.3 rarely with infinitive, ὁ φθάσας θαρσῆσαι he that first gains confidence, Refs 5th c.BC+; σπεύδειν ὅπως.. φθαίης ἔτ᾽ εἰς ἐκκλησίαν ἐλθεῖν (variant{ἐλθών}) hurry to be in time to get to.., Refs 5th c.BC+; μόλις φθάνει θρόνοισιν ἐμπεσοῦσα μὴ χαμαὶ πεσεῖν hardly manages by falling first on the seat not to fall on the ground, Refs 5th c.BC+; more frequently in later writers, of actions which one manages to do, does before or has done first or already, Refs 3rd c.BC+; ἐὰν ὁ ἰατρὸς αὐτὸ φθάσῃ κενῶσαι Refs 2nd c.AD+; φθάνοντος ἤδη πυρέττειν ἐκ τεττάρων ἡμερῶν τοῦ νοσοῦντος having already begun, Refs; μὴ φθάνων προσηκόντως τρέφεσθαι if he is not first suitably nourished, Refs; συμβαίνει φθάνειν ἀποθνῄσκειν τοὺς νεωτέρους the young die first, Refs; εἰ φθάσαιμεν παλαιοὺς πίθους ἔχειν μεγάλους if we already have.., Refs 2nd c.AD+ __IV with negatives, __IV.1 with οὐ and participle (infinitive is see reading in Refs 5th c.BC+ you must no sooner get your beard than you march, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐ φθάνει ἐξαγόμενος καὶ εὐθὺς ὅμοιός ἐστι τοῖς ἀκαθάρτοις no sooner is he brought out than he becomes unclean, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐκ ἔφθημεν εἰς Τροιζῆν᾽ ἐλθόντες καὶ τοιαύταις νόσοις ἐλήφθημεν ἐξ ὧν.. no sooner had we come to Troezen than.., Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐκ ἔφθη μοι συμβᾶσα ἡ ἀτυχία καὶ εὐθὺς ἐπεχείρησαν διαφορῆσαι τἄνδοθεν scarcely or no sooner had misfortune befallen me when.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV.2 οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτε, with participle present, express a strong exhortation or urgent command, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιτε τὴν ταχίστην ὀπίσω ἀπαλλασσόμενοι you could not be too quick in departing, i.e. make haste and be off, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐ φθάνοιτ᾽ ἔτ᾽ ἄν θνῄσκοντες make haste and die, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰς ἀγορὰν ἰὼν ταχέως οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιςRefs 5th c.BC+; these phrases are not to be treated as questions, compare οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιμι (i.e. λέγων) Refs 5th c.BC+: with participle aorist, once in Refs 2nd c.AD+ __IV.2.b in Refsshall hear in a moment, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐκ ἂν φθάνοι τὸ πλῆθος τούτοις τοῖς θηρίοις δουλεῦον will soon (or inevitably) be enslaved to.., Refs 4th c.BC+; also to express what is logically inevitable, οὐκ ἂν φθάνοιεν αὐτοὺς προσκυνοῦντες they will soon be (or cannot logically help) worshipping them, Aristeas 137; τοῦτο μὲν οὐκ ἂν φθάνοις καὶ Ἐμπεδοκλεῖ πρὸ αὐτοῦ ἐγκαλῶν Refs 2nd c.AD+: with participle aorist, Refs

προπορ-εύω, cause to go before, Refs 2nd c.AD+:—passive, with aorist middle, go before, NT+4th c.BC+; οἱ προπορευόμενοι the van, Refs; ἡ προπορευομένη, ={πρόπολος}, Refs 2nd c.AD+; of a river, flow onward, LXX __2 come forward, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __3 to be promoted, advance, πρὸς τὴν στρατηγίαν Refs

προτρέχω, aorist προὔδρᾰμον Refs 5th c.BC+:—run forward or forth, [prev. cited]; ἀπὸ τοῦ δένδρου δύο βήματα Refs 5th c.BC+ __II run in advance of, outrun, στάδια πέντε τῶν ὁπλιτῶν Refs 5th c.BC+ __III ἡ προτρέχουσα εἰκασία the {προτρέφω} simile, Refs 1st c.AD+

πρόδρομ-ος, ον, running forward with headlong speed, π. ἦλθον Refs 5th c.BC+; μόλε π. variant in Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 running before, going in advance, π. στρατιή Refs 5th c.BC+; frequently of horsemen in advance of an army, Refs 5th c.BC+; mounted skirmishers, οἱ π. 'guides', a special corps in the Refs 5th c.BC+; also, of light ships, Refs 4th c.AD+ __3 metaphorically, precursor, ἀστέρα.. ἀελίου π.Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 π. (i.e. οἶνος), see at {πρότροπος}. __II as substantive, πρόδρομοι, οἱ, __II.1 see above Refs __II.2 northerly winds, preceding the etesian winds, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.3 early figs, Refs 1st c.AD+

προηγ-έομαι, go first and lead the way, Refs 5th c.BC+; τινι for a person, i.e. guide him, τῷ θεῷ Refs 5th c.BC+; π. τὴν [ὁδόν] Refs; of troops, form the van, Refs; π. πᾶσι [τοῖς ποσίν] to have all in front, Refs 4th c.BC+ __b precede logically, τινος Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 with genitive, take the lead of, τῶν προόδων ἄλλους προόδους.. προηγεῖσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+; of the planets in retrograde motion, get ahead of, ἀπλανῶν ἀστέρων NT+1st c.BC+infinitive, προήγημαι τὴν τούτων ἐπίδοσιν ποήσεσθαι have taken the initiative in.., Refs 1st c.BC+ __3 of things, τὸ πῦρ μὲν ἀπὸ τούτων τῶν ἱερῶν προηγεῖται goes before, precedes, Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 present participle προηγούμενος, η, ον, going first, τὸ π. στράτευμα the van, opposed to οὐρά, Refs 5th c.BC+; preceding, {προηγεμών}, Refs 1st c.BC+ __4.b in Mathematics texts, τὰ π. forward points, i.e. those lying on the same side of the radius vector of a spiral as the direction of its motion, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __4.c Astron., τὰ π. ζῴδια signs leading in the daily movement of the heavens, i.e. westerly signs, opposed to ἑπόμενα, Refs 1st c.BC+ __4.d τὰ π. initial data, premisses, Refs 2nd c.BC+; π. οὐσία τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ given, i.e. external to the soul, Refs 2nd c.AD+; τὰ π. originals of paintings, Refs 4th c.BC+ __4.e leading, principal, κατὰ π. λόγον according to a guiding principle, Refs 4th c.BC+; ὁ π. λόγος, τὸ π. ἔργον, Refs 2nd c.AD+; σύν τινι προηγουμένῳ in conjunction with a purpose, Refs 2nd c.AD+; so in in Mathematics texts, π. θεώρημα leading theorem, opposed to ἀντίστροφον, Refs 5th c.AD+ __4.f in Medicine texts, π. αἴτιον predisposing cause, Refs 1st c.AD+; π. αἰτίαι antecedent causes, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __5 aorist participle, ὁ -ησάμενος the former ἡγεμών, Refs 4th c.AD+