Flying and Flight

† I. עוּף vb. fly (NH id., (rare) flicker, flutter, עוֹף fowl; Aramaic עוֹפָא, ܥܰܘܦܳܐ id.; Ethiopic ዖፍ id.; Arabic عَوْفٌ augury, from birds (cf. WeHeid. 2, 202), fortune, عيف, عَافَ practice augury, عَاىَٔفٌ augur; also عوف, عَاَفَ fly about, of birds);— Qal Pf. 3 mpl. וְעָפוּ consec. Is 11:14; Impf. 3 ms. יָעוּף Jb 20:8 ψ 91:5 + Pr 23:5b Qr (> Kt ועוף [van d. H.], or ועיף [Ginsb]); וַיָּעֹ֑ף 2 S 22:11 = ψ 18:11; Na 3:16, וַיָּ֫עָף Is 6:6; 3 fs. (הֲ)תָעוּף Pr 23:5a Kt (v. infr.); 3 fpl. תְּעוּפֶינָה Is 60:8, etc.; Inf. cstr. עוּף Jb 5:7; Pr 26:2; Pt. fs. עָפָה Zc 5:1, 2; pl. עָפוֹת Is 31:5;— 1. a. fly, of birds Dt 4:17, specif. of swallow (in sim.) Pr 26:2 (‖ נוּד); of seraph Is 6:6 (cf. Pōʿl.); י׳ riding (רכב) on cherub 2 S 22:11 = ψ 18:11; roll (in vision) Zc 5:1, 2; arrow ψ 91:5; of swift army Is 11:14 (under fig. of bird, sq. בְּכָתֵף) Hb 1:8 (sim. of vulture); fig. of ships (like cloud, or doves) Is 60:8; בְּנֵי־רֶשֶׁף יַגְבִּיהוּ עוּף Jb 5:7 make high to fly, i.e. make their flight high, soar aloft (sim. of irresistible tendency). b. hover (protectingly) Is 31:5 (birds, sim. of י׳; on sense cf. Dt 32:11). 2. fly away, to a distance, ψ 55:7 (fig.; ‖ אַרְחִיק נְדֹד v 8); = vanish, of locusts Na 3:16 (fig.); כְּנֶשֶׁר יָעוּף הַשָּׁמַיִם Pr 23:5b (Qr) sim. of riches (v. Toy); of wicked Jb 20:8 (כַּחֲלוֹם); end of life, in gen., וַנָּעֻ֑פָה ψ 90:10.—הֲתָעוּף Pr 23:5a Kt, do thine eyes fly (light) upon it? (הֲתָעִיף Hiph. Qr dost thou cause thine eyes to fly, etc.?) is difficult, and line perhaps not original (v. Toy). Pōʿl. 1. fly about, to and fro; Impf. 3 ms. יְעוֹפֵף of birds Gn 1:20 (P); seraphim Is 6:2; Pt. שָׂרָף מְעוֹפֵף flying fiery serpent Is 14:29; 30:6. 2. cause to fly to and fro, brandish, Inf. cstr. sf. בְּעוֹפְפִי חַרְבִּי Ez 32:10 when I brandish my sword before them. Hithpōʿl. Impf. 3 ms. כָּעוֹף יִתְעוֹפֵף כְּבוֹדָם Ho 9:11 like a bird their glory shall fly away. Hiph. Impf. 2 ms. Qr, v. Qal ad fin.

περιστερ-ά, ἡ, common pigeon or dove, Refs 5th c.BC+; specifically, Columba livia domestica, and so distinguished from φάψ, φάττα, οἰνάς, τρυγών, Refs 4th c.BC+: περιστερός, ὁ, cock-pigeon, Refs 5th c.BC+ (of a carrier-pigeon), Refs 2nd c.AD+

† I. [יָעֵף] vb. be weary, faint (Arabic وَغَفَ run and shew weariness)— Qal Pf. וְיָעֵ֑פוּ consec. Je 51:58, 64; Impf. יִיעַף Is 40:28; וַיִּעָ֑ף 44:12; יִֽעֲפוּ 40:30; יִיעָ֑פוּ v 31 Je 2:24; יִעָ֑פוּ Hb 2:13;—be or grow weary Je 2:24 (in seeking); = exhaust oneself fruitlessly Hb 2:13 (‖ יגע), hence Je 51:58, 64 (repeated by error from v 58); of י׳ (neg.); Is 40:28 (‖ יגע); youth 40:30 (‖ id.); the god-fearing v 31 (‖ id.); be faint from lack of water 44:12 (‖ אֵין כֹּחַ from hunger). Hoph. Pt. wearied Dn 9:21 מֻעָף בִּיעָף (v. יְעָף).

πέτομαι, 2nd pers. singular πέτεαι Refs 6th c.BC+imperfect ἐπετόμην, Epic dialect πετ- Refs 8th c.BC+: future πετήσομαι Refs 5th c.BC+; shortened πτήσομαι (ἐκ-) Refs 5th c.BC+aorist ἐπτόμην, infinitive πτέσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+; elsewhere in compounds, (ἐπι-) Refs 8th c.BC+; frequently also ἐπτάμην, Refs 8th c.BC+; Epic dialect 3rd.pers. singular πτάτο Refs 8th c.BC+infinitive πτάσθαι (δια-) Refs 5th c.BC+, participle πτάμενος Refs 8th c.BC+ in compounds predominate over those from ἐπτάμη; δι-έπτατο is found in codices of Refs 5th c.BC+ followed by κατ-έπτατο Refs; ἀν-επτάμαν is probably in Refs 5th c.BC+; subjunctive πτῆται for πτᾶται, Refs 8th c.BC+aorist of active form ἔπτην, ἔπτης, Refs 1st c.BC+; participle πτᾶσα Refs; elsewhere only in compounds, (δι-) Refs 8th c.BC+perfect πέπτηκα only as a coinage in Refs 4th c.AD+: aorist passive ἐπετάσθην LXX+4th c.BC+: future passive πετασθήσομαι LXX—The only present in Refs 8th c.BC+; πέταμαι is used by Refs 7th c.BC+, and in later Prose, as Refs 4th c.BC+ P.; noted as archaic by Refs 2nd c.AD+: aorist imperative πέτασσαι Refs; ἵπταμαι (which see) is first found in late writers, Refs 2nd c.BC+ (mostly in compounds, compare ἐξίπταμα; ἀφίπτατο in Refs 5th c.BC+, and is censured by Refs 2nd c.AD+:—fly, of birds, Refs 8th c.BC+; of bees, gnats, etc., Refs 8th c.BC+; of a departing spirit, ψυχὴ ἐκ ῥεθέων πταμένη Ἄϊδόσδε βεβήκει Refs 8th c.BC+: metaphorically, of young children, οὐδέπω μακρὰν πτέσθαι σθενοντες Refs 5th c.BC+; also of arrows, javelins, etc., Refs 8th c.BC+ fell suddenly.., Refs 8th c.BC+; of any quick motion, dart, rush, of men, Refs 8th c.BC+; of horses, μάστιξεν δ᾽ ἐλάαν, τὼ δ᾽ οὐκ ἀέκοντε πετέσθην Refs, etc.; of chariots, Refs 8th c.BC+; of dancers, Refs 5th c.BC+; πέτον fly! i.e. make haste! Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔχρην πετομένας ἥκειν πάλαιRefs 5th c.BC+; πέτονται.. ἐπὶ ταῦτ᾽ ἄκλητοι, of parasites, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II metaphorically and proverbial usages:—to be on the wing, flutter, of uncertain hopes, ἐξ ἐλπίδος π. Refs 5th c.BC+; π. ἐλπίσιν Refs 5th c.BC+; of fickle natures, πέτει τε καὶ φρονῶν οὐδὲν φρονεῖς Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐφ᾽ ἕτερον π. Refs 5th c.BC+; ὄρνις πετόμενος a bird ever on the wing, Refs; πετόμενόν τινα διώκεις 'you are chasing a butterfly', Refs 5th c.BC+; of fame, fly abroad, πέταται τηλόθεν ὄνυμ᾽ αὐτῶν Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 with dative, πτάμενος νοήματι flying in mind, Refs, Sanskritpátati 'fly', 'fall', Latin prae-pes, etc.)

στρουθ-ίον, τό, diminutive of στρουθός NT+4th c.BC+; στρουθίν, Refs __II στρούθιον, see at {στρούθειος} 111.

† [דָּאָה] vb. fly swiftly, dart through the air (cf. perhaps Arabic دَأْدَأ run vehemently (of camel))— Qal Impf. יִדְאֶה Dt 28:49 + 2 times; וַיֵּ֫דֶא ψ 18:11 (> ‖ 2 S 22:11 וַיֵּרָא); fly swiftly, dart, of eagle Dt 28:49, in simile of swift army; of Chaldaeans comp. with eagle, in judgment against Moab & Edom Je 48:40; 49:22 (in both ‖ פרשׂ כנפיו); of י׳ in theoph. ψ 18:11 (cf. 2 S 22:11) וַיֵּדֶא על־כנפי רוח (‖ וַיִּרְכַּב עַל־כְּרוּב וַיָּעֹף).

ὄρνις, ὁ, also ἡ Refs 8th c.BC+; genitive ὄρνῑθο; accusative singular ὄρνῑθα and ὄρνιν, neither in Refs 8th c.BC+:—also ὄρνιξ, NT+3rd c.BC+, called Ionic dialect and Doric dialect by Refs 7th c.BC+; accusative ὄρνῑχα Refs 7th c.BC+; dative ὄρνιξι, ὀρνίχεσσι, Refs 5th c.BC+: on the gender and declension, see Refs 2nd c.AD+ Gothic ara, genitive arins 'eagle', etc.) [In the trisyllable cases ῑ always: Refs 8th c.BC+; and later Epic dialect use both ὄρνῑς and ὄρνῐς: in Trag. both quantities are found, ὄρνῐς in Refs 5th c.BC+; are borrowed from Sophocles; ὄρνῑς is said to be Attic dialect, Refs __I bird, including birds of prey and domestic fowls, Refs 8th c.BC+; applied to ostriches, Refs 5th c.BC+: frequently added to the specific names, ὄρνισιν ἐοικότες αἰγυπιοῖσιν Refs 8th c.BC+; ὄ. ἀηδών, πέρδιξ, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὄ. ἁλκυών, ὄ. κύκνος, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II like{οἰωνός}, bird of omen, from the flight or cries of which the augur divined, Refs 8th c.BC+; δεξιός, ἀριστερὸς ὄρνις, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.2 metaphorically, omen taken from the flight or cries of birds, Refs 8th c.BC+: generally, omen, presage, without direct reference to birds,Refs 5th c.BC+; see at {ὅδιος}. __III in Attic dialect ὄρνις, ὁ, is mostly, cock, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὄρνις, ἡ, hen, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἀλέκτορα καὶ ὄρνιθα τελέαν cock and hen, Refs; in full, ὄ. ἐνοίκιος Refs 5th c.BC+; πότερον ὄ. ἢ ταὧ; Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ ὄρνιξ ὁ σιτευτός fatted fowl, Refs 3rd c.BC+; also, goose, Refs __IV in plural sometimes, bird-market, Refs 4th c.BC+ __V Μοισᾶν ὄρνιχες song-birds, i.e. poets, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __VI Provs.: διώκει παῖς ποτανὸν ὄρνιν Refs 5th c.BC+; ὀρνίθων γάλα 'pigeon's milk', i.e. any marvellous dainty or good fortune, Refs 5th c.BC+white of egg, Refs 5th c.BC+; also a plant, see at {ὀρνιθόγαλον}. __VII a constellation, later Cygnus, Refs 4th c.BC+

† דּוּכִיפַת n.f. an unclean bird, perhaps hoopoe, 𝔊 𝔙 Saad al. (cf. Di Kn Lv 11:19) Lv 11:19 Dt 14:18. Name of bird: poss. of Egypt. origin, BondiZMG 1 (1896), 292 (Arabic, Ol§ 221 cf. KöE.T. ix (1898), 476).

† III. [פָּרַח] vb. fly, Aramaism, si vera l. (NH id., especially fly away; Aramaic פְרַח, ܦܪܰܚ fly; ܦܳܪܰܚܬܳܐ insect, bird);— Qal Pt. fpl. לְפֹרְחוֹת Ez 13:20(×2) for (like?) flying things, i.e. birds, but del. 𝔊 𝔖 Hi Siegf in v a (where prob. ins. from v b); Co Toy Berthol Krae in v a, b.

† II. רָחַף vb. Pi. hover (NH id., cf. Grünbaumzmg xxxix (1885), 607; Syriac Pa. ܪܰܚܶܦ move gently, also cherish, and brood, cf. Thess. v.; connexion with I. ר׳ dub.);— Pi. Impf. 3 ms. יְרַחֵף עַל Dt 32:11 (poem) of vulture hovering over young; Pt. רוּחַ א׳ מְרַחֶפֶת עַל־פְּנֵי הַמָּ֑יִם Gn 1:2 (P); hovering over face of waters, or perhaps (v. Syriac) brooding (and fertilizing), so JerQuaest. in Gen. ed. Lag. 4 (reading ‘marahaefeth’), cf. Di Gunk.

τρῡγών, όνος, ἡ, (τρύζω) turtle-dove, Columba turtur, NT+5th c.BC+; περιστεραὶ τρυγόνες Aristeas 145: proverbial of a great talker, τρυγόνος λαλίστερος Refs 4th c.BC+; πονηρὰ κατὰ τρυγόνα ψάλλεις, ἐπὶ τῶν ἐπιπόνως ζώντων, Refs 4th c.AD+ __II a kind of fish, the sting-ray, τρυγόνες ὀπισθόκεντροι Refs 5th c.BC+; compare τρυγόνιος. __III an oviparous quadruped of uncertain kind, Refs 4th c.BC+

† [אָבַר] vb.denom. Hiph. fly (= move pinions); of hawk יַאֲבֶר־נֵץ Jb 39:26.

† דִּבְיוֹנִים n.[m.] so Qr; = דב יונים dove’s dung (?) 2 K 6:25 for Kt חרייונים; 𝔊 κόπρου περιστερῶν (Klo gives conject. emend.)

† [טוּשׂ] vb. rush, dart (Aramaic ܛܳܣ, טוּם fly)—only Qal Impf. כְּנֶשֶׁר יָטוּשׂ עֲלֵי אֹ֑כֶל Jb 9:26 like a vulture, which rusheth upon its food (sim. of swiftly passing days of Job’s life).

† [נָצָא] vb. = נָצָה = fly, acc. Thes Gf al.;—only Qal Inf. abs. (si vera l.) נָצֹא תֵצֵא Je 48:9, but improb.; 𝔗 Symm יָצֹא cf. Ol§ 245 h Gie; > SchwallyZAW viii (1888), 197 נָצֹה תִּצֶּה, √ III. נצה.

† [עִיט] vb.denom. dart greedily (like a bird of prey);— Qal Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּ֫עַט Qr (Kt erron. ויעשׂ) 1 S 14:32 and the people darted greedily upon the spoil (אֶל־הַשָּׁלָל), so 2 ms. וַתַּ֫עַט 15:19 (on forms v. Ges§ 72 ff.).