Evening and Twilight

עֶ֫רֶב131 n.[m. 1 S 20:5 del. הַשְּׁלִישִׁית v. We Dr al.] (sun)set, evening;—abs. ע׳ 2 K 2:16 +, עָ֑רֶב Ex 12:18 +; cstr. עֶרֶב Pr 7:9; du. עַרְבַּיִם Ex 30:8 + 4 times, -בָּ֑יִם 12:6 + 5 times (all P);— 1. a. evening, orig. sunset, and hence perhaps לְעֵת ע׳ at the time of sunset †Gn 8:11 (J), 24:11 (J; ‖ לְעֵת צֵאת הַשֹּׁאֲבֹת), 2 S 11:2 Is 17:14 and (of the day of י׳) Zc 14:7, עֵת הָע׳ Jos 8:29 (JE)†; usually ע׳ alone = time of sunset, evening: בָּע׳ in the evening Gn 19:1 (J), 29:23 (E), Ex 12:18 (P), Dt 16:6 (+ כְּבוֹא שֶׁמֶשׁ), 1 K 22:35 (cf. ‖ 2 Ch 18:34 where + לְעֵת בּוֹא הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ) + 20 times + בָּע(־)בָּע׳ 2 Ch 13:11(×2) = every evening; לָע׳ at evening only late: †1 Ch 16:40; 23:30; 2 Ch 2:3; Ezr 3:3 ψ 59:7, 1R; 90:6; Ec 11:6†; לִפְנוֹת ע׳ at the turn of evening †Gn 24:63 (J), Dt 23:12; ע׳ as adv. acc. Ex 16:6 (P), ψ 55:18; as marking duration of impurity, in phr. עַד־הָע׳ Lv 11:24 + 30 times P + Lv 22:6 (H); of Day of Atonement מֵע׳ עַד־ע׳ 23:32 (P). b. du. in phrase (only P) בֵּין הָעַרְבַּיִם between the two evenings, i.e. prob. between sunset and dark (v. Thes [various views fully given]; otherwise Di Ex 12:6; on form as poss. only expanded pl. v. Ges§ 88 c), †Ex 12:6; 16:12; 29:39, 41; 30:8; Lv 23:5; Nu 9:3, 5, 11; 28:4, 8†. c. other phrases are: צִלְלֵי ע׳ Je 6:4 (dist. from צָהֳרָ֑יִם and לָ֑יְלָה v 5), מִנְחַת (הָ)ע׳ †2 K 16:15; Ezr 9:4, 5 ψ 141:2 Dn 9:21†; זְאֵבֵ�� ע׳ v. 1. זְאֵב" dir="rtl" >זְאֵב; for all combin. with בֹּקֶר morning, v. ב׳ 1 d, e. 2. (late poet.) = night, עָ֑רֶב Jb 7:4; cf. בְּנֶשֶׁף בְּעֶרֶב יוֹם Pr 7:9 (‖ בְּאִישׁוֹן לַיְלָה וַאֲפֵלָה).

ὀψία, Ionic dialect -ιη (i.e. ὥρα), ἡ, the latter part of day, evening, opposed to ὄρθρος, frequently joined with δείλη (which see), μέχρι δείλης ὀψίης Refs 5th c.BC+; δείλης ὀ. late in the evening, Refs 4th c.BC+; ὀψίας alone, Refs 2nd c.AD+ —Cf. ὄψιος.

(i.e. γῆ); Syria , Refs 5th c.BC, etc.: Σ. ἡ Παλαιστίνη Palestine , Refs 5th c.BC: Κοίλη Σ. the district between Libanus and Anti-libanus, Refs 1st c.BC (Middle Liddel)

κλίνω [ῑ], future κλῐνῶ Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist 1 ἔκλῑνα Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect κέκλῐκα Refs 2nd c.BC+:—middle, aorist ἐκλινάμην Refs 8th c.BC+ —passive, future κλῐθήσομαι συγ-) Refs 5th c.BC+: future 2 κατα-κλῐνήσομαι Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist 1 ἐκλίθην [ῐ] Refs 8th c.BC+: aorist 2 ἐκλίνην [ῐ] only in compounds, κατακλῐνῆναι Refs 5th c.BC+perfect κέκλῐμαι (see. below); infinitive κεκλίσθαι Refs 2nd c.AD+, for. root κλῐ: κλει-, compare κλειτύ; Sanskrit śráyati 'cause to lean', 'support', Latin clinare, clivus.):—cause to lean, make to slope or slant, ἐπὴν κλίνῃσι τάλαντα Ζεύς when he inclines or turns the scale, Refs 8th c.BC+; Τρῶας δ᾽ ἔκλιναν Δαναοί made them give way,Refs 8th c.BC+ — middle, Περσῶν κλινάμενοι [δύναμιν] Refs __2 make one thing slope against another, i.e. lean, rest it, τι πρός τι Refs 8th c.BC+, i.e. raising their shields so that the upper rim rested on their shoulders, Refs __3 turn aside, μηκέτι τοῦδε βήματος ἔξω πόδα κλίνῃς Refs 5th c.BC+; ὄσσε πάλιν κλίνασα having turned back her eyes, Refs 8th c.BC+; τὰς ἐκ τῶν ἀριστερῶν [φλέβας] ἐπὶ τὰ δεξιὰ κ. turn to.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 make another recline, ἐν κλίνῃ κλῖναί τινας make them lie down at table, Refs 5th c.BC+ puts to rest, lays low, Refs 5th c.BC+ __5 in Magic, make subservient, ψυχήν Refs __6 Grammars, inflect, τὰ ῥήματα Refs 2nd c.AD+:—passive, Refs __II passive, lean, ἂψ δ᾽ ὁ πάϊς πρὸς κόλπον ἐϋζώνοιο τιθήνης ἐκλίνθη Refs 8th c.BC+; ὁ δ᾽ ἐκλίνθη, καὶ ἀλεύατο κῆρα μέλαιναν he bent aside, Refs; of a brasen foot-pan, ἂψ δ᾽ ἑτέρωσ᾽ ἐκλίθη it was tipped over, Refs 8th c.BC+; of battle, turn, ἐκλίνθη δὲ μάχη Refs 8th c.BC+; of a body in equilibrium, οὐδαμόσε κλιθῆναι Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 lean, stay oneself upon or against a thing, with dative, ἀσπίσι κεκλιμένοι Refs 8th c.BC+; κίονι, κλισμῷ κεκλιμένη, Refs 8th c.BC+ (also in middle, κλινάμενος σταθμῷ Refs 8th c.BC+; ὅταν τύχωσι (i.e. αἱ ἄτομοἰ τῇ περιπλοκῇ κεκλιμέναι when they chance to be propped (i.e. checked) by the interlacing with others, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.3 lie down, fall, ἐν νεκύεσσι κλινθήτην Refs 8th c.BC+; παραὶ λεχέεσσι κλιθῆναι lie beside her on the bed, Refs 8th c.BC+: in perfect, to be laid, lie, ἔντεα.. παρ᾽ αὐτοῖσι χθονὶ κέκλιτο Refs 8th c.BC+; φύλλων κεκλιμένων of fallen leaves, Refs 8th c.BC+, slanting leaves); Ληθαίῳ κεκλιμένη πεδίῳ Refs 6th c.BC+; Ἀλφεοῦ πόρῳ κλιθείς laid by Alpheus' stream, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπὶ γόνυ κέκλιται has fallen on her knee, i.e.is humbled, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.4 recline at meals, κλιθέντες ἐδαίνυντο Refs 5th c.BC+; κλίθητι καὶ πίωμεν conjecture in Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.5 of Places, lie sloping towards the sea, etc., lie near, ἁλὶ κεκλιμένη Refs 8th c.BC+: hence, of persons, lie on, live on or by, [Ὀρέσβιος] λίμνῃ κεκλιμένος Κηφισίδι Refs 8th c.BC+; πλευρὰ πρὸς ἀνατολὰς κεκλιμένη, τὸ εἰς τὰς ἄρκτους κ., Refs 2nd c.BC+ __II.6 metaphorically, τῷδε μέλει κλιθείς having devoted himself to.., Refs 5th c.BC+ (also in active, incline towards, τῶν πραγμάτων ἐπὶ Ῥωμαίους κεκλικότων Refs 2nd c.BC+ __II.7 wander from the right course, κεκλιμένη ναῦς Refs 6th c.BC+ __III middle, decline, wane, καὶ κλίνεται (i.e. τὸ ἦμαρ) Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV intransitive in active, κ. πρὸς τὸ ξανθὸν χρῶμα incline towards.., Refs 4th c.BC+; κλίνοντος ὑπὸ ζόφον ἠελίοιο as the sun was declining, Refs 3rd c.BC+; ἅμα τῷ κλῖναι τὸ τρίτον μέρος τῆς νυκτός as it came to an end, NT+5th c.BC+ __IV.2 of soldiers, κ. ἐπ᾽ ἀσπίδα, ἐπὶ δόρυ, turn to left, to right, Refs 2nd c.BC+; also, wheel, Refs 1st c.BC+

ὀψέ, Aeolic dialect ὄψι (which see), adverb after a long time, at length, late, ἔκ τε καὶ ὀ. τελεῖ, opposed to αὐτίκα, Refs 8th c.BC+; ὀ. διδάσκεσθαι, μανθάνειν, to be late in learning, learn too late, Refs 8th c.BC+ __b ὀ. ἀφ᾽ οὗ.. it is not long since.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 late in the day, at even, Refs 8th c.BC+; ὀφλεῖν.. ὀ. ὁδοῦ incur a penalty for being out late at night, Refs 5th c.BC+; late in the season, Refs 8th c.BC+; ὀ. ἦν, ὀ. ἐγίγνετο, it was, it was getting, late, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ μάχη ἐτελεύτα ἐς (variant{ἕως}) ὀ. did not end till late, Refs 5th c.BC+; but εἰς ὀ. ψηφίζεσθαι continue voting till late in the day, Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 with genitive, ὀ. τῆς ἡμέρας late in the day, ἤδη γὰρ τῆς ἡμέρας ὀ. ἦν Refs 5th c.BC+; ὀ. τῆς ἡλικίας late in life, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __4 as preposition with genitive, ὀ. τούτων after these things, Refs 2nd c.AD+; so perhaps ὀ. σαββάτων after the sabbath day, NT

ἑσπέρα, Ionic dialect ἑσπ-έρη, ἡ, properly feminine of ἕσπερος: __I (i.e. ὥρα), evening, ἑσπέρας at eve, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀπὸ ἑσπέρας εὐθύς just at nightfall, Refs 5th c.BC+; πρὸς ἑσπέραν towards evening, NT+5th c.BC+; ἐπειδὴ ἑσπέρα ἦνRefs 5th c.BC+; περὶ ἑσπέραν βαθεῖαν late in the evening, Refs 1st c.AD+ life is wearing to its eve, Refs 4th c.BC+ evenings when the moon is full, Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.2 night, μίαν ἑ. αὐλισάμενος Refs 1st c.AD+ __II (i.e. χώρα) the west, πρὸς ἑσπέραν φέρει Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ πνεύματα πνεῖ τῆς δείλης ἀπὸ τῆς ἑ. Refs 4th c.BC+: metaphorically in political sense, τὰ προφαινόμενα ἀπὸ τῆς ἑ. νέφη Refs 2nd c.BC+ the Western Empire, Refs 6th c.AD+

† [עָרַב] vb. denom. become evening; grow dark (?);— Qal Inf. cstr. רָפָה הַיּוֹם לַעֲרוֹב Ju 19:9, but read prob. נָטָה הַיּוֹם לָעֶרֶב 𝔊L GFM; Pf. 3 fs. fig. עָֽרְבָה Is 24:11 all joy has grown dark, but read עָֽבְרָה has passed away Lo Gr PerlesAnal. 91 CheHpt. al. Hiph. Inf. abs. הַשְׁכֵּם וְהַעֲרֵב 1 S 17:16 doing it at morning and at evening.