Deception and Beguiling

† [פָּתָה] vb. denom. be simple (NH Pi. entice);— Qal Impf. 3 ms. יִפְתֶּה Dt 11:16; וַיִּפְתְּ Jb 31:27; Pt. פֹּתֶה Jb 5:2 Pr 20:19; f. פּוֹתֶה Ho 7:11;— 1. be open-minded(?), simple Jb 5:2; יוֹנָה פוֹתָה Ho 7:11 silly dove; פֹּתֶה שְׂפָתָיו Pr 20:19 one foolish as to his lips (most, openeth wide his lips). 2. be enticed deceived Dt 11:16 Jb 31:27. Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִפְתָּה Jb 31:9; Impf. 1 s. וָאֶפָּת Je 20:7;—be deceived Je 20:7; c. עַל enticed unto Jb 31:9. Piel Pf. 2 ms. פִּתִּיתָ Pr 24:28; sf. פִּתִּיתַנִי Je 20:7; 1 s. פִּתֵּיתִי Ez 14:9; Impf. 3 ms. יְפַתֶּה Ex 22:15 +, etc.; Imv. פַּתִּי Ju 14:15; 16:5; Inf. cstr. sf. פַּתֹּתְךָ 2 S 3:25; Pt. sf. מְפַתֶּיהָ (Ges§ 93 ss) Ho 2:15;— 1. persuade, woman Ho 2:16 (fig., י׳ subj.), seduce, virgin Ex 22:15; entice, husband Ju 14:15; 16:5; a man to sin Pr 1:10; 16:29. 2. deceive, 2 S 3:25 Pr 24:28 (yet cf. √ Hiph. supr.); subj. י׳, obj. proph., Je 20:7; Ez 14:9, cf. 1 K 22:20, 21, 22 = 2 Ch 18:19, 20, 21; obj. י׳, ψ 78:36. Pual Impf. 3 ms. יְפֻתֶּה: 1. be persuaded, Pr 25:15. 2. be deceived, 20:7, 10 be beguiled by י׳, Ez 14:9.

† II. [נָשָׁא] vb. only Niph.Hiph. beguile, deceive;—(kindred with I. שׁוא, from which, however, the forms can hardly be derived (conj. WeComp 2. 351));— Niph. Pf. 3 pl. נִשְּׁאוּ Is 19:13 the princes have been beguiled (‖ נוֹאֲלוּ, הִתְעוּ). Hiph. Pf. הִשִּׁיא Je 49:16, sf. הִשִּׁאַ֫נִי Gn 3:13, הִשִּׁיאֶ֑ךָ Ob 3; 2 ms. הִשֵּׁאתָ Je 4:10; 3 pl. sf. הִשִּׁיא֫וּךָ Ob 7; Impf. only juss. יַשִּׁיא 2 Ch 32:15, so ψ 55:16 Qr (v. infr.); יַשִּׁ(י)א 2 K 18:29 Is 36:14, sf. יַשִּׁאֲךָ 2 K 19:10 Is 37:10; 2 mpl. תַּשִּׁאוּ Je 37:9; Inf. abs. הַשֵּׁא Je 4:10;—beguile, usually c. acc. pers. Gn 3:13 (J; not elsewhere Hex); Je 49:16 Ob 3, 7; אַל־יַשִּׁאֲךָ 2 K 19:10 let not thy God beguile thee = Is 37:10, of Hezekiah 2 Ch 32:15 (cf. infr.), אַל־תַּשִּׁאוּ נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם Je 37:9 do not deceive yourselves; also sq. ל pers. אַל־יַשִּׁא לָכֶם 2 K 18:29 = Is 36:14 (= 2 Ch 32:15, v. supr.), Je 29:8; הַשֵּׁא הִשֵּׁאתָ לָעָם הַזֶּה 4:10 thou hast utterly beguiled this people; ישׁימות עָלֵימוֹ ψ 55:16 Kt appar. = desolations (be) upon them! (but elsewhere only in n.pr.loc., cf. p. 445 supr.), יַשִּׁיא מָוֶת עלימו Ew Ol Pe De Now Hup, cf. 𝔊, let death (beguile them, i.e.) come deceitfully upon them! Brüll Che, cf. Bae, conj. plausibly יַשִּׁיא מָוֶת יִבְלָעֵמוֹ.

† II. [תָּלַל] vb. Hiph. mock, deceive, trifle with (perhaps akin to Arabic دَلَّ act coquettishly; cf. secondary √ [הָתַל] p. 251);—mock, trifle with, c. ב pers.: Pf. 3 ms. (בִּי) הֵ֫תֶל Gn 31:7 (E), 2 ms. הֵתַ֫לְתָּ Je 16:10, 13, 15; Impf. 3 mpl. יְהָתֵ֫לּוּ Je 9:4, 2 mpl. תְּהָתֵ֫לּוּ Jb 13:9 (on both v. Ges§ 53 q Baerad loc.); Inf. cstr. Jb 13:9 and (abs.) Ex 8:25 (J). Hoph. Pf. 3 ms. הוּתַל Is 44:20 a heart (which is deceived.—Vid. [הָחַל], הֲתֻלִֿים" dir="rtl" >הֲתֻלִים p. 251.

ἐξᾰπᾰτάω, Epic dialect iterative ἐξαπάτασκον Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, future -απατηθήσομαιRefs 5th c.BC+; but -απατήσομαι in passive sense, Refs 5th c.BC+:—deceive or beguile, deceive thoroughly, εἴτινά που.. ἔτι ἔλπεται ἐξαπατήσειν Refs 8th c.BC+; seduce a woman, Refs 5th c.BC+ in a thing, Refs 5th c.BC+; περὶ σαυτὸν ποιεῖσθαι.. ἐφ᾽ οἷς ἐξαπατᾷς ἔλεον surround yourself with compassion for your swindling tricks, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐ. τινὰ ὡς.. cheat him into believing that.., Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐ. νόσον beguile or assuage it, Refs 2nd c.AD+:—passive, ὡς ἐξαπατηθείς Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle like active, falsa lectio in Refs 5th c.BC+

πλεονεκτ-έω, future -ήσωRefs 5th c.BC+:—Prose Verb, have or claim more than one's due, mostly in bad sense, to be greedy, grasping, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 also, gain or have some advantage, without any bad sense, δυνάμει τινὶ π. Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἐλαττοῦσθαι, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 with genitive of things, have or claim a larger share of than others, τῶν ὠφελίμων Refs; τοῦ ἡλίου, τοῦ ψύχους, τῶν πόνων, Refs 5th c.BC+; δόξης, χάριτος, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II with genitive person, have or gain the advantage over, τῶν ἐχθρῶν Refs 5th c.BC+; τινι in a thing, Refs 5th c.BC+; also π. τῶν νόμων gain at the expense of the laws, Refs; τῆς ὑμετέρας π. εὐηθείας take advantage of your simpleness, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 later with accusative person, get or have the advantage over, Refs 1st c.BC+: usually in bad sense, overreach, defraud, πλεονεκτεῖν μηδένα NT+4th c.BC+: in early writers only passive in this sense, ὑπό τινων Refs 5th c.BC+; πλεονεκτεῖσθαι χιλίαις δραχμαῖς to be defrauded in or of Refs 5th c.BC+ is impersonal, to be an act of πλεονεξία. __II.3 passive, to be surpassed, excelled, τινι Refs 2nd c.AD+

† [נָכַל] vb. be crafty, deceitful, knavish (Assyrian nakâlu, be crafty, cunning; 𝔗 נְכֵל be crafty, Pa. deceive; Syriac ܢܟܶܠ deceive, plot; cf. perhaps Amh. ወነጀለ act faithlessly, ወነጌለ faithless, PräAmhar. Spr. 90);— Qal Pt. נוֹכֵל Mal 1:14 knave. Pi. Pf. 3 mpl. c. acc. cogn. נִכְּלוּ לָכֶם נִכְלֵיהֶם אֲשֶׁר Nu 25:18 their wiles with which they beguiled you. Hithp. Impf. וַיִּתְנַכְּלוּ אֹתוֹ לַהֲמִיתוֹ Gn 37:18 they knavishly planned against him (Köiii. 9), etc.; Inf. cstr. לְהִתְנַכֵּל בְּ ψ 105:25 to deal knavishly with.

ἀπᾰτάω [ᾰπ], late Ionic dialect ἀπατ-έω Refs 2nd c.AD+: imperfect ἠπάτωνRefs 5th c.BC+future -ήσω: aorist ἠπάτησα, Ionic dialect ἀπ-Refs 8th c.BC+: perfect ἠπάτηκαRefs:—passive, future ἀπατηθήσομαιRefs 4th c.BC+, compare (ἐξ-) Refs 5th c.BC+; also in middle form ἀπατήσομαιRefs 5th c.BC+, (ἐξ-) Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἠπατήθηνRefs 5th c.BC+: perfect ἠπάτημαιRefs 5th c.BC+: (ἀπάτη):—cheat, deceive, Refs 8th c.BC+; cheat one's hopes, Refs 8th c.BC+: absolutely, to be deceptive or fallacious, Refs 4th c.BC+:—passive, to be self-deceived, mistaken, Refs 5th c.BC+; τί γὰρ οὐκ.. ἔρχεται ἀγγελίας ἀπατώμενο; comes not belied by the result? Refs 4th c.BC+; also ἀπατᾶσθαι ὡς.. to be deceived into thinking that.., Refs 5th c.BC+ —The _compound_ ἐξαπατάω is more common, especially in Refs 5th c.BC+ and Attic dialect Prose; the simple Verb is used in LXX+2nd c.BC+, and is rare in later Greek, Refs 1st c.AD+

παραλογ-ίζομαι, in keeping accounts, cheat, Refs 4th c.BC+: with double accusative, defraud of, π. τρία ἡμιωβέλια τοὺς ναοποιούς Refs 5th c.BC+; reckon fraudulently, τὸν μισθόν LXX+2nd c.AD+: generally, defraud, τινα LXX+3rd c.BC+:—passive, δαπάνας παραλογισθείσας Refs 1st c.AD+ __II reason falsely, use fallacies, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.b draw a false inference, π. ἡ ψυχή Refs __II.2 mislead by fallacious reasoning, σφᾶς αὐτούς Refs 5th c.BC+; μεγάλα τὴν πόγιν π. Refs:— passive, to be misled by fallacious reasoning, π. ἡ διάνοια ὑπό τινων Refs 4th c.BC+ O.:—passive and middle opposed, παραλογισθῆναι καὶ παραλογίσασθαι Refs 4th c.BC+ __III disguise, τῆς ἐσθῆτος ὄψις παραλογιζομένη τὴν ἐπιδημίαν ἡμῶν Refs 1st c.AD+

ψευδόχριστος, ὁ, in plural, false Christs, NT

† I. [שָׁלָה, שָׁלֵו] vb. be quiet, at ease (Ecclus 47:13 שלוה prosperity, 41:lc שליו prosperous, at ease; ܫܠܴܐ be tranquil, quiet, cease; 𝔗 שְׁלָא, שְׁלִי be at ease, then be careless, thoughtless, go astray [for Heb. שָׁגָה, שָׁגַג

δολιόω, 3rd.pers. plural imperfect ἐδολιοῦσαν, deal treacherously with one, LXX: absolutely, to be treacherous, LXX+2nd c.AD+

καταβρᾰβεύω, give judgement against one as βραβεύς, and so, deprive one of the prize, deprive one of one's right, with accusative, NT+8th c.BC+passive, ὑπὸ Μειδίου καταβραβευθέντα being cast in his suit by means of Meidias, Test. cited in Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 with genitive, rule over, ἡ γῆ κ. τῶν λοιπῶν Refs 2nd c.AD+

πῐθᾰνο-λογία, ἡ, use of probable arguments, opposed to demonstration (ἀπόδειξις), NT+5th c.BC+

προσποι-έω, make over to, add or attach to, π. τισὶ τὴν Κέρκυραν Refs 5th c.BC+; Λέσβον π. τῇ πόλει Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 μνημείῳ κακὸν π. do damage to, Refs __3 ={προσποιέομαι} 11.3, ὡς εἴη Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II mostly in middle, with aorist passive in Refs 2nd c.BC+:—procure for oneself, ξύλινον πόδα Refs 5th c.BC+; include in one's purview, Refs 3rd c.AD+: most frequently of persons, attach to oneself, win or gain over, ἑταιρηΐην Refs 5th c.BC+; [θεούς] Refs 5th c.BC+ as friends, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 take to oneself what does not belong to one, pretend to, lay claim to, with accusative, τὴν τῶν γεφυρῶν οὐ διάλυσιν Refs 4th c.BC+ claim some of.. , Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 generally, pretend, affect, ὀργήν Refs 5th c.BC+; π. ἔχθραν use it as a pretence, allege, Refs 5th c.BC+: c.accusative participle, προσποιούμενος τὸν ἡδόμενον Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.4 with infinitive, pretend to do or to be, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅσοι πολιτικοὶ π. εἶναι profess to be, Refs 5th c.BC+, compare 26e; ὅρα μὴ τούτων μὲν ἐχθρὸς ᾖς, ἐμοὶ δὲ προσποιῇ (i.e. εἶναι) Refs 4th c.BC+; μὴ ἀποκτείνας π. (i.e. ἀποκτεῖναι) Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist passive, -ποιηθεὶς στρατεύειν Refs 1st c.BC+: with infinitive future, make as if one would, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.5 with a negative, pretend the contrary, δεῖ δέ, εἰ καὶ ἠδίκησαν, μὴ προσποιεῖσθαι one must make as if it were not so, Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist passive, σαφῶς εἰδὼς.., οὐ προσποιηθεὶς δέ Refs 2nd c.BC+

φρενᾰπᾰτ-άω, deceive, ἑαυτόν NT

χρηστο-λογία, ἡ, fair speaking, in bad sense, NT

† [מַדּוּחַ] n.[m.] a thing to draw aside, enticement (cf. √ Hiph. 3, 4);—pl. מַדּוּחִם La 2:14, וַיֶּחֱזוּ לָךְ מַשְֿׂאוֹת שָׁוְא וּמ׳ (cf. ‖ שָׁוְא וְתָפֵל v a).

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