Deaf and Mute

κωφ-ός, ή, όν, blunt, dull, obtuse, opposed to ὀξύς, κ. βέλος Refs 8th c.BC+ __II metaphorically, __II.1 of sound, mute, noiseless, κύματι κωφῷ Refs 8th c.BC+; κωφὴν γὰρ δὴ γαῖαν ἀεικίζει is maltreating dumb, senseless earth, Refs; τὰ μὲν ἄλλα ἔσκε κωφά the other parts sounded dull, opposed to to the ringing of the hollow parts when struck, Refs 5th c.BC+: neuter plural as adverb, κωφὰ δὲ πόντος κεῖτο Refs 5th c.AD+; ὁ κ. λιμήν, probably the bay of Munychia, as opposed to to the noisy Piraeus, Refs 5th c.BC+; κωφότερος ὁ ψόφος ἔσται, i.e. muffled, Refs 4th c.BC+; τῶν μεταλλικῶν κωφότατος [ὁ σίδηρος] rings least, Refs 1st c.BC+ __II.2 after Refs 8th c.BC+, of men or animals, dumb, Refs 4th c.BC+; καὶ κωφοῦ συνίημι καὶ οὐ φωνεῦντος ἀκούω Oracle texts cited in Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐ.. παρὰ κωφὸν ὁ τυφλὸς ἔοικε λαλῆσαι, i.e. is not so dumb but that he will answer the blind fool who assails him, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. χάρις a mute gift (i.e. an epitaph), Refs; so κωφοῖς δάκρυσι Refs; κ. τάφοι probably in Refs; κ. προσωπεῖον mute figure on the stage, Refs 1st c.BC+; κ. καὶ ἄλογος, of a house, with no echoes, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.2.b deaf, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅσοι γίνονται κ. ἐκ γενετῆς, πάντες καὶ ἐνεοὶ γίνονται Refs 4th c.BC+ (hence of a deaf and dumb person, Refs 5th c.BC+; κ. Ἑλλάδος φωνᾶς deaf of one's Greek ear, i.e. ignorant of Greek, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2.c metaphorically, νοῦς ὁρῇ καὶ νοῦς ἀκούει· τἆλλα κωφὰ καὶ τυφλά Refs 5th c.BC+: neuter plural as adverb, κωφὰ χλιαίνεσθαι feebly, Refs 1st c.BC+ __II.3 ὄμμα κ. vacant, lack-lustre eye, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.4 of the senses in general, dull, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.5 of the mind, dull, obtuse, ἐγὼ ὁ πάντα κ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.5.b of things, senseless, unmeaning, obscure, κ. καὶ παλαί᾽ ἔπη Refs 5th c.BC+; but κ. εὐπραγίαι is probably falsa lectio for{κοῦφαι}, Refs 2nd c.AD+ adverb -φῶς obscurely, Refs 2nd c.AD+: comparative -ότερον, ἐνοχλεῖν less acutely, Refs 1st c.BC+

† [אָלַם] vb. bind (perhaps cf. Assyrian [alāmu], alamattu, fortress Dl in ZimBP 114 & in BD Ezek.xi; Arabic أَلِمَ be in pain, Aramaic ܐܶܠܰܡ retain anger). Niph. (be bound =) be dumb, Pf. 3 fs. נֶאֱלָמָ֑ה Is 53:7; וְנֶאֱלַמְתָּ֫ Ez 3:26, etc.; Impf. 2 ms. תֵּאָלֵם Ez 24:27; 3 fpl. תֵּאָלַמְנָה ψ 31:19.— 1. be dumb, i.e. silent ψ 39:3 נ׳ דוּמִיָּה (‖ הֶחֱשֵׁיתִי); cf. v 10 (‖ לֹא אֶפְתַּח־פִּי); sim. of sheep Is 53:7 (‖ id.); be dumb, i.e. unable to speak Ez 3:26 (result of וּלְשׁוֹנְךָ אַדְבִּיק אֶל־חִכֶּ֑ךָ) cf. 24:27 יִפָּתַח פִּיךָ … וּתְדַבֵּר וְלֹא תֵאָלֵם עוֹד; 33:22 וַיִּפָּתַח פִּי וְלֹא נֶאֱלַמְתִּי עוֹד; also Dn 10:15 (cf. v 16). 2. be made dumb subj. שִׂפְתֵי שָׁ֑קֶר lying lips ψ 31:19 (‖ יִדְּמוּ לִשְׁאוֹל v 18). Pi. Pt. bind Gn 37:7(×4) (E) מְאַלְּמִים אֲלֻמִּים binding sheaves.

† חֵרֵשׁ adj. deaf—חֵרֵשׁ (= חִרֵּשׁ) Ex 4:11 + 4 times; pl. חֵרְשִׁים Is 29:18 + 3 times;—deaf, Ex 4:11 (J; ‖ אִלֵּם), ψ 38:14 (‖ id.); also Lv 19:14 (H), Is 29:18; 35:5; 42:18, 19 + v 19 b (for last עִוֵּר, cf. 43:8; GrJQ 1891, Oct. p. 2 v. CheComm., JQ Jan. 1892, 332), 43:8; פֶּ֫תֶן ח׳ ψ 58:5 a deaf adder.

† אִלֵּם adj. dumb, unable to speak; Ex 4:11 מִי שָׂם פֶּה לָֽאָדָם אוֹ מִי יָשׂוּם אִלֵּם; Is 56:10 כְּלָבִים אִלְּמִים fig. of false proph.; of idols אֱלִילִים א׳ Hb 2:18; as subst. Pr 31:8 ψ 38:14 Is 35:6.

ἄφων-ος, ον, (φωνή) voiceless, dumb, Refs 6th c.BC+; stronger than ἄναυδος (which see), NT+5th c.BC+; unable to speak, of a child, Refs 7th c.BC+ unable to utter it, Refs 5th c.BC+. adverb -νωςRefs: neuter plural as adverb, ἄφωνα σημανοῦσιν.. ὡς.. Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 with a poor voice, τραγῳδόςRefs 2nd c.BC+ __3 intestate, Refs __4 ἄφωνα (i.e. γράμματα, στοιχεῖα) consonants, ἄ. καὶ φωνοῦντα (perhaps ἄ. φωνήεντα) Refs 5th c.BC+: but especially of mutes, τὰ ἄφθογγα καὶ ἄ.Refs; opposed to ἡμίφωνα, Refs 4th c.BC+

† [קָהָה] vb. be blunt, dull (NH id.; Aramaic קְהָא, ܩܗܳܐ );— Qal Impf. 3 fpl. תִּקְהֶינָה Je 31:29, 30 Ez 18:2 (all of teeth). Pi. in sense of Qal: Pf. 3 ms. קֵהָה Ec 10:10 if the iron be blunt.

ἄλᾰλος, ον, speechless, dumb, probably in NT+4th c.BC+; κείμεσθα ἄ. Refs 5th c.BC+

ἔκθαμβ-ος, ον, amazed, astounded, NT+2nd c.BC+ __II terrible, LXX+2nd c.AD+

ἐνεός (in codices sometimes ἐννεός NT, ά, όν, dumb, speechless, frequently joined with κωφός, as LXX+5th c.BC+ deaf and dumb, as in Refs 5th c.BC+ adverb -εῶς uncertain reading in Oracle texts cited in Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 senseless, stupid, ἀπείρους καὶ ἐ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 of things, useless, Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 dumbfounded, astonished, εἱστήκεισαν ἐ. NT

μογῐλάλος [ᾰ], ον, (μόγις, λαλέω) having an impediment in one's speech, LXX+NT+2nd c.AD+

† [עִלֵּג] adj. speaking inarticulately;—pl. לְשׁוֹן עִלְּגִים Is 32:4 (𝔊 ψελλίζουσαι; Lagl.c.).